9-1

Question 1

BASAL GANGLIA

Answer 1

Sub-cortical structure
Extrapyramidal - functional
Input from: Cortex (primary motor and
frontal)
Output to: Pre-motor area, supplementary motor area,
primary motor cortex, frontal cortex (via thalamus)
- No direct outputs to spinal cord

Question 2

Gaba

Answer 2

GABAergic neurons inhibitory

Question 3

Glutamate

Answer 3

glutamatergic neuron excitatory (excitatory neural transmitter)

Question 4

Dopamine

Answer 4

dopaminergic neurons

Question 5

D1 receptor

Answer 5

direct, excitatory)

Question 6

D2 receptors

Answer 6

indirect, inhibitory

Question 7

Globus

Answer 7

everything the basal ganglia does everything goes out of the Globus pallidus

Question 8

Subthalamic nucleus

Answer 8

neuron below the thalamus

Question 9

Substantia nigra

Answer 9

dark substance

Question 10

Parkinson’s disease symptoms

Answer 10

Rigidity
Bradykinesia -slowness of movement
Cannot initiate movement properly
-Hard time knowing when and how to start the movement
-mask-like features
- tremor

Question 11

physiology of Parkinsons

Answer 11

Lewy bodies - abnormal aggregates of proteins that displace other cell’s components
Presence within substantial nigra
Death of dopaminergic neurons in basal ganglia
Reduction in dopamine - direct pathways cannot facilitate
Movement = movement symptoms