8-1 Flashcards
Proprioception
- sense of where our body is in space (position)
- can be subconscious/reflexive
Kinesthesia
- sense of movements
- behavioural
- conscious
Proprioceptive Afference
Afferent signals generated by mechanoreceptors in response to
stimulation that is produced as a consequence of the positions and
movements of body parts and tensions in muscles and joints
- Ex-afference
Generated from an external source
Generated by exteroceptors in response to external stimulation
- Re-afference
Generated from your own movements
Exteroceptor information resulting from a self-generated movement
KINESTHESIA VS. PROPRIOCEPTION: HOW
TO ASSESS?
Matching tasks
-Target/Reference
-Simultaneous – Both limbs
-Successive
Advantage – single limb
Disadvantage – memory
Discrimination tasks
-When can you detect the difference
Muscle spindle
velocity and length of
muscle
Skin
length and velocity of skin stretch, onset of movement, acceleration,
GTO
tension/force
Joint
pressure, contraction sensitivity,
reflexes?
Middle finger extended, unanesthetized
cutaneous, joint & muscle
Middle finger extended, anesthetized:
ONLY muscle
Middle finger extended, joint anesthetized
cutaneous & muscle
Middle finger flexed, unanesthetized:
cutaneous & joint
Middle finger flexed, joint anesthetized:
ONLY cutaneous
Pinochocchio Effect
Spindle overrides
other sensory info
Others = NO
Sensory dominance
conflict arises and brain
chooses one over other sensory information
Visual Dominance or Visual Capture
perceive the limb
to be where a “model” is located
Joint receptors
After total joint replacement, there is very little if any evidence of decreased joint
position sense
Anesthetic
caused decrease in sensitivity
(score), while dextran (lead to swelling only)
increased sensitivity when compared to control
Anesthetic
caused decrease in sensitivity
(score), while dextran (lead to swelling only)
increased sensitivity when compared to control
HOW IS KINESTHETIC INFORMATION
OBTAINED?
Ambiguous signal from one proprioceptor alone
Combination of multiple inputs (multisensory) for accuracy
All proprioceptors have limitations
HOW IS KINESTHETIC INFORMATION
OBTAINED?
Ambiguous signal from one proprioceptor alone
Combination of multiple inputs (multisensory) for accuracy
All proprioceptors have limitations
EFFERENCE & AFFERENCE CONTRIBUTE
TO PROPRIOCEPTION/KINESTHESIA
The motor command plays an essential role to generate
kinesthesis, but likely cannot generate kinesthetic perceptions
in the absence of proprioception
