Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Science SOL Remediation > 8th Grade Review > Flashcards

8th Grade Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space?

A

matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All matter is made up of tiny particles called?

A

atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pure substances make up of only one kind of atom?

A

element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two or more elements chemically combined?

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two or more substances physically combined?

A

mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three main phased of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Matter with no shape or volume?

A

gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Matter with volume and no shape?

A

liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Matter with shape and volume?

A

solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name for the matter found in the stars that acts as a superheated gas?

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What element is found in all organic compounds?

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify each characteristic as an acid, base, or neutral.

  • pH of 0-6.9 ____
  • pH of 7____
  • pH of 8-14____
  • Tastes Bitter____
  • Tastes Sour____
  • Turns litmus paper red_____
  • Turns litmus paper blue____
  • Starts with a H+_____
  • Ends with a OH- ____
A
  • pH of 0-6.9 ACID
  • pH of 7NEUTRAL
  • pH of 8-14BASE
  • Tastes BitterBASE
  • Tastes SourACID
  • Turns litmus paper redACID
  • Turns litmus paper blueBASE
  • Starts with a H+ACID
  • Ends with a OH- BASE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a base?

A

salt and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of properties are shape, density, solubility, odor, melting point, boiling point, and color (properties can be observed or measured)?

A

physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of properties are acidity, basicity, combustibility, and reactivity (properties related to reactions)?

A

chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which scientist proved the atom existed?

A

Dalton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which scientist discovered the electron?

A

Thomson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which scientist discovered the center of the atom?

A

Rutherford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which scientist stated that electrons orbited the nucleus?

A

Bohr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name for the modern 3D model of the atom?

A

electron cloud model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the center of the atom called?

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the positively charged particle in the nucleus?

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the particle with no charge in the nucleus?

A

neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the negatively charged particle outside of the nucleus?

A

electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are particles that make up the protons, and neutrons?

A

quarks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What makes every element on the Periodic Table different?

A

Number of protons (atomic #)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What determines the arrangement of the elements on the Periodic Table?

A

number of protons (atomic #)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 18 columns on the Periodic Table called?

A

Groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 7 rows on the Periodic Table called?

A

Periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Elements in the same family have similar properties/characteristics What else do they normally have in common that has a major effect on chemical bonding?

A

Valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How are all of the elements on the right side of the staircase plus Hydrogen classified?

A

nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How are all of the elements on the left side of the staircase plus Aluminum classified?

A

metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How are all of the elements on the staircase except Aluminum classified?

A

metalloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of bond is formed when two nonmetals share electrons?

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What type of bond is formed when a metal transfers electrons to a nonmetal?

A

ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is an atom that gains or loses electrons called?

A

ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is an atom that gains or loses neutrons called?

A

isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What tells you the number of atoms in a chemical bond?

A

subscript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are changes in size, shape, or phase called?

A

physical changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are changes that produce new substances and energy?

A

chemical changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What law states the total mass in a reaction remains the same plus energy only changes forms during a reaction and is never created or destroyed?

A

Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a reaction that absorbs energy called?

A

endothermic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a reaction that releases energy called?

A

exothermic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What type of nuclear reaction is the result of a nucleus splitting?

A

fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What type of nuclear reaction is the result of two nuclei combining?

A

fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Nuclear energy changes a small amount of matter into a large supple of energy. What is the biggest problem with nuclear energy?

A

storage of nuclear waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the ability to do work?

A

energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is stored energy or the energy of position called?

A

potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the energy of motion called?

A

kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fire and friction are examples of __?

A

thermal (heat) energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The Sun and some power plants are examples of __?

A

nuclear energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Food, fuel, batteries, and plants are examples of ___?

A

chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Simple machines, wind, water, and sound are examples of __?

A

mechanical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Circuits, lightening, and solar cells are examples of __?

A

electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What kind of energy is visible light?

A

radiant energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is some energy always lost as during an energy transformation?

A

thermal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What energy transformation takes place in photosynthesis?

A

radiant > chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What energy transformation takes place in a flashlight?

A

chemical > electrical > radiant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the transfer of thermal energy between substances of different temperatures called?

A

heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What increases when thermal energy is added to a substance?

A

temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What does temperature measure in a substance?

A

kinetic energy

62
Q

What is the name for the temperature when all molecular activity stops - No kinetic energy?

A

Absolute Zero (0 Kelvin)

63
Q

What is the SI Unit for temperature?

A

Celcius

64
Q

What temperature scale is used to measure absolute zero?

A

Kelvins

65
Q

(True/False) During a phase change (freezing, melting, condensing, evaporating, boiling, and vaporizing) the temperature does NOT change.

A

TRUE

66
Q

Identify the heat transfer by contact; ex. burning your hand on the stove.

A

conduction

67
Q

Identify the heat transfer by fluids; ex. warm water rises while it boils on the stove.

A

convection

68
Q

Identify the heat transfer through outer space; ex. the sun’s rays.

A

radiation

69
Q

How do the particles in a substance move when it is heated?

A

faster and farther apart

70
Q

How do the particles in a substance move when it is cooled?

A

slower and closer together

71
Q

How are sound waves produced?

A

vibrations

72
Q

What travels faster sound or light?

A

light

73
Q

What happens to the speed of sound if the temperature or the density increases?

A

speed of sound increases

74
Q

Sound cannot travel without what?

A

matter (a medium)

75
Q

Does sound travel faster in the air or water?

A

water

76
Q

What type of wave is a sound wave?

A

compression (longitudinal)

77
Q

What part of a sound wave is the wave pressed together?

A

compression

78
Q

What part of a sound wave is the wave spread apart?

A

rarefaction

79
Q

What is the distance from like points on a wave called?

A

wavelength

80
Q

What term describes how often the waves pass by?

A

frequency

81
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

As wavelength increases, frequency decreases.

82
Q

What property results in a sound wave bouncing and allows echolocation, SONAR, ultrasound, and sonograms to function?

A

reflection

83
Q

What is the term far an object vibrating at its own natural frequency (like a tuning fork)?

A

resonance

84
Q

What is it called when two waves interact (overlap) and combine?

A

interference

85
Q

Frequency determines __________ whereas amplitude determines ______________.

A 
pitch
intensity (loudness)
86
Q

What type of wave is a light wave?

A

transverse

87
Q

Does light travel faster in the air or water?

A

air

88
Q

What is the term for a light wave bending as it changes speeds (light does this as it moves from air to water)?

A

refraction

89
Q

What is the term for a wave bending around an obstacle?

A

diffraction

90
Q

What are the first three parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves

91
Q

What are the final three parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

UV rays (ultraviolet), X-rays, gamma rays

92
Q

What properties change as you move across the spectrum and create the different types of light waves?

A

wavelength decreases and frequency increases

93
Q

Which part of the spectrum has the longest wavelength, lowest frequency, and least energy?

A

radio waves

94
Q

Which part of the spectrum has the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, and highest energy?

A

gamma rays

95
Q

Which type of mirror produces a smaller, upright image?

A

concave mirror

96
Q

Which type of mirror can produce both an upright and inverted image?

A

convex mirror

97
Q

Lenses always refract light. What is light always refracted towards?

A

the thickest part of the lens

98
Q

transparent

A

clear image

99
Q

translucent

A

fuzzy image

100
Q

opaque

A

no image

101
Q

What determines the color of an object?

A

color of light reflected

102
Q

What is the relationship between the angle on incidence and the angle of reflection?

A

they are equal

103
Q

What is the distance an object travels in a given time (distance divided by time)?

A

speed

104
Q

What measures both speed and direction?

A

velocity

105
Q

What is the change in velocity over time?

A

acceleration

106
Q

What are the three ways to accelerate?

A

speed up, slow down, or change direction

107
Q

Why is an object constantly accelerating if it is traveling in a circular motion?

A

it is always changing direction

108
Q

What is the amount of matter in an object?

A

mass

109
Q

Contrast mass and weight.

A

mass is determined by matter

weight is determined by gravity

110
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest until an outside force is applied (Law of Inertia).

111
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Force = Mass X Acceleration

112
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction (rocket fires its engines downward to lift off).

113
Q

What is the force of gravity pulling down on an object?

A

weight

114
Q

What is the name for a push or pull?

A

force

115
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newton

116
Q

What are the two conditions needed for work?

A

force and motion

117
Q

Why is Mechanical Efficiency always less than 100% (work output less than work input)

A

friction (thermal energy)

118
Q

What type of simple machine is a ramp or screw?

A

inclined plane

119
Q

What type of simple machine is used to operate a flag pole?

A

pulley

120
Q

What type of simple machine are a rake, scissors, and a see-saw?

A

lever

121
Q

What type of simple machine always contains a fulcrum?

A

lever

122
Q

What is the formula for speed?

A

speed = d/t

123
Q

What is the formula for force?

A

force = ma

124
Q

What is the formula for work?

A

work = fd

125
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

power = (fd)/t

126
Q

What unit is used to measure speed?

A

km/h or m/s

127
Q

What unit is used to measure acceleration?

A

km/h/s or m/s(squared)

128
Q

What unit is used to measure velocity?

A

km/h due west

129
Q

What does the flow of electrons create?

A

electric current

130
Q

What is any force that opposes an electric current?

A

resistance

131
Q

What is the buildup of electric charges called?

A

static electricity

132
Q

What is a circuit with only one path called?

A

series circuit

133
Q

What is a circuit with more than one path called?

A

parallel circuit

134
Q

Which circuit will not work if there is one break in the circuit?

A

series circuit

135
Q

What is a current that flows back and forth?

A

alternating current

136
Q

What is a current that flows in one direction?

A

direct current

137
Q

What is the energy of the current measured in?

A

voltage

138
Q

What are substances that allow electricity to flow called (most metals)?

A

conductors

139
Q

What are substances that do not allow electricity to flow called (rubber, plastic, glass)?

A

insulators

140
Q

What do we call diodes, transmitters, and other substances that can control the flow of electricity in circuits?

A

semiconductors

141
Q

(True/False) Electric currents and magnetic fields can be used to create each other.

A

True

142
Q

What is an example of electricity creating magnetism and magnetism creating electricity?

A

electric motors

generators

143
Q

What are the two ways you can strengthen an electromagnet if the battery is kept the same?

A

bigger metal rods, more coils around the rod

144
Q

What is created when domains align in certain metals?

A

magnetism

145
Q

What to opposite charges or poles do?

A

attract

146
Q

What do like charges or poles do?

A

repel

147
Q

Where is a magnet the strongest?

A

at the poles

148
Q

What are 3 ways that electricity and magnetism are related?

A

they both have fields
they both have the same rules of attraction
they can create each other

149
Q

Power is measured in __.

A

watts

150
Q

Voltage is measured in __.

A

volts

151
Q

Current is measured in __.

A

amps

152
Q

Electrical energy used is measured in __.

A

kWh

Physical Science SOL Remediation (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions