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Physical Science SOL Remediation > 7th Grade Review > Flashcards

7th Grade Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All cells come from _________

A

other cells

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2
Q

Cells can carry out all of

A

life’s functions

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3
Q

All _______________ are made of cells.

A

living things

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4
Q

What scientific instrument has led to the development of the cell theory?

A

microscope

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5
Q

What two things are found only in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts and cell wall

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

absorbs sunlight

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

protection and structure

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8
Q

What can plant cells do that animal cells can’t?

A

make their own food

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9
Q

What process creates reproductive (sex) cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent cell?

A

meiosis

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

1 cell = 4 haploid cells

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11
Q

What process creates new cells for growth and repair through cell division that are identical to the parent cell?

A

mitosis

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12
Q

mitosis

A

1 cell = 2 identical diploid cells

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13
Q

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

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14
Q

List the steps of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anophase, telophase

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15
Q

Groups of cells create?

A

Tissues

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16
Q

Groups of tissues create?

A

organs

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17
Q

Groups of organs create?

A

organ systems

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18
Q

What is an organism made of one cell called?

A

unicellular

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19
Q

What is an organism made of more than one cell called?

A

multicellular

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20
Q

What is the passive transport of water molecules across a cell membrane called?

A

osmosis

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21
Q

What is the passive transport of substances other than water molecules across a cell membrane called?

A

diffusion

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22
Q

What is the ability of the cell membrane to block some substances, but allow others to pass into the cell?

A

selective permeability

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23
Q

What is the hierarchy of living things?

A

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

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24
Q

How can you remember the hierarchy of living things?

A

Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti.

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25
Q

What is an organism’s genus and species called (also called the scientific name)?

A

Binomial nomenclature

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26
Q

What is a group of similar looking organisms that have the ability to reproduce called (they would have the most in common)?

A

species

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27
Q

What domain contains single cell organisms that can survive in extreme conditions?

A

Archaea

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28
Q

What domain contains the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Animals, and Plants?

A

Eukarya

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29
Q

What domain is made up of microscopic organisms that recycle nutrients?

A

Bacteria

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30
Q

Examples of phyla “cnidarians”

A

jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

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31
Q

Examples of phyla “mullusks”

A

clams, oysters, scallops, snails, and octopi (most have shells)

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32
Q

Examples of phyla “annelids”

A

segmented worms, earthworms, leaches

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33
Q

Examples of phyla “platyhelminthes”

A

flatworm, tapeworm

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34
Q

Examples of phyla “nematodes”

A

round worms, heart worms

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35
Q

Examples of phyla “arthropods”

A

insects, spiders, crustaceans (lobsters & crabs)

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36
Q

Examples of phyla “echinoderms”

A

sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

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37
Q

Examples of phyla “chordates”

A

fish, frogs, snakes, birds, bears, and humans

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38
Q

Description of phyla “mosses”

A

grows close to the ground, not tree root system, no flowers

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39
Q

Description of phyla “ferns”

A

grows close to ground, has tree root system, no flowers

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40
Q

Description of phyla “conifers”

A

grows tall, true root system, needles and cones

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41
Q

Description of phyla “flowering plants”

A

variable sizes, true root system, flowers, and often fruit

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42
Q

What is the process where plants create their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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43
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight&raquo_space; C6H12O6 + 6O2

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44
Q

What source of energy is needed for photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight

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45
Q

What two resources are reactants during photosynthesis?

A

water and carbon dioxide

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46
Q

What tow resources are the products of photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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47
Q

What do plants use glucose for?

A

food

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48
Q

What chemical in chloroplasts absorbs or traps sunlight?

A

chlorophyll

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49
Q

What process is the foundation of virtually all food webs?

A

photosynthesis

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50
Q

What cellular process breaks down food molecules and releases energy?

A

cellular respiration

51
Q

What are the parts of the “water cycle”?

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff

52
Q

Explain the “carbon cycle”?

A

Animals use oxygen and release carbon dioxide while plants carry out photosynthesis - using that carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

53
Q

Explain the “nitrogen cycle”?

A

Animals eat plants - Animals die and produce waste products - Decomposers recycle nutrients

54
Q

Identify the parts of the food chain below.

Grass > Mouse > Snake > Hawk

A

Grass > producer
Mouse > 1st order consumer
Snake > 2nd order consumer
Hawk > 3rd order consumer

55
Q

What happens to the number of organisms and the amount of energy as you move through a food pyramid or food web?

A

It decreases

56
Q

What are the 5 needs of all animals?

A

Food, Water, Air, Shelter, and Space

57
Q

What term describes animals that are fighting for the same need?

A

competition

58
Q

What term describes animals working together to meet a need?

A

cooperation

59
Q

What term describes organisms within a population that have specific jobs to ensure basic needs are met (bees and ants)?

A

Social Hierarchy

60
Q

What term describes an organisms need to establish a habitat in order to meet basic needs and obtain resources?

A

Territorial Imperative

61
Q

(True/False) Too much of any of one need can be as harmful as too little.

A

TRUE

62
Q

Identify each of the following as a producer, consumer, or decomposer.

  1. grasshopper
  2. wheat
  3. bacteria spore
A
  1. grasshopper > consumer
  2. wheat > producer
  3. bacteria spore > decomposer
63
Q

Describe the relationship between a predator and prey?

A

predator eats prey

64
Q

Give an example of a predator-prey relationship.

A

snake eats mouse

65
Q

Give an example of a producer-consumer relationship.

A

grass is eaten by rabbit

66
Q

Identify the symbiotic relationship where one thing benefits while the other is harmed (tick on a dog).

A

parasitism

67
Q

Identify the symbiotic relationship where one thing benefits while the other isn’t affected (vultures feed on the scraps left by a lion).

A

commensalism

68
Q

Identify the symbiotic relationship where both things benefit (sharks are cleaned by a smaller fish).

A

mutualism

69
Q

What is an animal’s role or job in life called?

A

niche

70
Q

What are the living organisms within a specific are and their physical environment called?

A

Ecosystem

71
Q

What are the three main types of ecosystems?

A

terrestrial (land), Marine, & freshwater

72
Q

What are the large regions with ecological communities adapted to the climate and other conditions called?

A

Biomes

73
Q

What is an ABIOTIC factor?

A

nonliving factor (not dead NONLIVING - like a rock!)

74
Q

Examples of abiotic factors.

A

rocks, water, climate, temperature, sunlight

75
Q

What is a BIOTIC factor?

A

living factor

76
Q

Example of biotic factors.

A

trees, animals, cells

77
Q

What is the warmest biome?

A

desert

78
Q

What is the coldest biome?

A

tundra

79
Q

What biome gets the most rain?

A

rainforest

80
Q

What biome gets the least rain?

A

desert

81
Q

What biome do the animals need to be able to run fast?

A

grassland

82
Q

What biome do animals and plants need to store water?

A

desert

83
Q

What biome do plants have very large leaves?

A

rainforest

84
Q

What biome is white fur an advantage?

A

tundra

85
Q

What biome is being able to climb or fly important?

A

rainforest

86
Q

What biome would you find trees with needles and cones?

A

coniferous forest (Taiga)

87
Q

What biome would you find oak and maple trees?

A

Deciduous forest

88
Q

What biome are large feet an advantage?

A

tundra

89
Q

Are there more plants or animals in the grassland or rainforest? Why?

A

Rainforest; more rain and more stable environment

90
Q

What biome would you find corn and wheat growing?

A

grassland

91
Q

What term describes a plant either growing towards or growing away from light?

A

phototropism

92
Q

What term describes an animal that lowers its metabolism in order to deal with cold conditions?

A

hibernation

93
Q

What term describes a plant’s ability to suspend its metabolism in order to deal with adverse conditions?

A

dormancy

94
Q

Your’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the size of the habitat increases?

A

population increases

95
Q

Your’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the size of the habitat decreases?

A

population decreases

96
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of wolves decreases?

A

population increases

97
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of wolves increases?

A

population decreases

98
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the food supply decreases?

A

population decreases

99
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the food supply increases?

A

population increases

100
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of squirrel (competition) increases?

A

population decreases

101
Q

You’re a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of squirrel (competition) decreases?

A

population increases

102
Q

What is the addition of excess nutrients to an ecosystem called?

A

Eutrophication

103
Q

What can permanently alter a community and ecosystem?

A

major climate changes and catastrophic disasters

104
Q

(True/False) Actions by humans can have both a positive and negative effect on the health of an ecosystem and the population of a community.

A

True

105
Q

Your individual traits are called?

A

genes

106
Q

What creates DNA and contains all of your individual traits?

A

chromosomes

107
Q

What is your complete genetic code called?

A

DNA

108
Q

What is the shape of DNA

A

double helix (spiral staircase)

109
Q

What word describes the strong trait?

A

dominant

110
Q

What word describes the weak trait?

A

recessive

111
Q

What is the trait that actually shows called (physical expression)?

A

phenotype

112
Q

What the the gene combination called?

A

genotype

113
Q

What is the name of the chart that shows possible phenotypes and genotypes?

A

punnett square

114
Q

What are some characteristics you can inherit?

A

eye color, hair color, bone structure

115
Q

Identify some characteristics determined by your environment.

A

personality, intelligence, language

116
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

117
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

118
Q

Who created the double helix model of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

119
Q

What is it called when the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product?

A

genetic engineering

120
Q

What are changes over time in order to survive?

A

adaptations

121
Q

What is the process where animals “select” mates with traits best suited for survival?

A

natural selection

122
Q

What are inheritable changes to an organism’s genetic code (a change in a gene)?

A

mutation

123
Q

What term describes when a species completely dies out?

A

extinction

124
Q

What does the fossil record, genetic information, distribution of organisms, and similarities among species show?

A

evidence of evolution

Physical Science SOL Remediation (3 decks)

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