7th Grade Review Flashcards
1
Q
All cells come from _________
A
other cells
2
Q
Cells can carry out all of
A
life’s functions
3
Q
All _______________ are made of cells.
A
living things
4
Q
What scientific instrument has led to the development of the cell theory?
A
microscope
5
Q
What two things are found only in plant cells?
A
chloroplasts and cell wall
6
Q
What is the function of chloroplasts?
A
absorbs sunlight
7
Q
What is the function of the cell wall?
A
protection and structure
8
Q
What can plant cells do that animal cells can’t?
A
make their own food
9
Q
What process creates reproductive (sex) cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent cell?
A
meiosis
10
Q
Meiosis
A
1 cell = 4 haploid cells
11
Q
What process creates new cells for growth and repair through cell division that are identical to the parent cell?
A
mitosis
12
Q
mitosis
A
1 cell = 2 identical diploid cells
13
Q
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
A
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
14
Q
List the steps of mitosis
A
prophase, metaphase, anophase, telophase
15
Q
Groups of cells create?
A
Tissues
16
Q
Groups of tissues create?
A
organs
17
Q
Groups of organs create?
A
organ systems
18
Q
What is an organism made of one cell called?
A
unicellular
19
Q
What is an organism made of more than one cell called?
A
multicellular
20
Q
What is the passive transport of water molecules across a cell membrane called?
A
osmosis
21
Q
What is the passive transport of substances other than water molecules across a cell membrane called?
A
diffusion
22
Q
What is the ability of the cell membrane to block some substances, but allow others to pass into the cell?
A
selective permeability
23
Q
What is the hierarchy of living things?
A
Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
24
Q
How can you remember the hierarchy of living things?
A
Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti.
25
What is an organism's genus and species called (also called the scientific name)?
Binomial nomenclature
26
What is a group of similar looking organisms that have the ability to reproduce called (they would have the most in common)?
species
27
What domain contains single cell organisms that can survive in extreme conditions?
Archaea
28
What domain contains the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Animals, and Plants?
Eukarya
29
What domain is made up of microscopic organisms that recycle nutrients?
Bacteria
30
Examples of phyla "cnidarians"
jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
31
Examples of phyla "mullusks"
clams, oysters, scallops, snails, and octopi (most have shells)
32
Examples of phyla "annelids"
segmented worms, earthworms, leaches
33
Examples of phyla "platyhelminthes"
flatworm, tapeworm
34
Examples of phyla "nematodes"
round worms, heart worms
35
Examples of phyla "arthropods"
insects, spiders, crustaceans (lobsters & crabs)
36
Examples of phyla "echinoderms"
sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
37
Examples of phyla "chordates"
fish, frogs, snakes, birds, bears, and humans
38
Description of phyla "mosses"
grows close to the ground, not tree root system, no flowers
39
Description of phyla "ferns"
grows close to ground, has tree root system, no flowers
40
Description of phyla "conifers"
grows tall, true root system, needles and cones
41
Description of phyla "flowering plants"
variable sizes, true root system, flowers, and often fruit
42
What is the process where plants create their own food?
Photosynthesis
43
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight >> C6H12O6 + 6O2
44
What source of energy is needed for photosynthesis?
Sunlight
45
What two resources are reactants during photosynthesis?
water and carbon dioxide
46
What tow resources are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
47
What do plants use glucose for?
food
48
What chemical in chloroplasts absorbs or traps sunlight?
chlorophyll
49
What process is the foundation of virtually all food webs?
photosynthesis
50
What cellular process breaks down food molecules and releases energy?
cellular respiration
51
What are the parts of the "water cycle"?
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff
52
Explain the "carbon cycle"?
Animals use oxygen and release carbon dioxide while plants carry out photosynthesis - using that carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
53
Explain the "nitrogen cycle"?
Animals eat plants - Animals die and produce waste products - Decomposers recycle nutrients
54
Identify the parts of the food chain below.
Grass > Mouse > Snake > Hawk
Grass > producer
Mouse > 1st order consumer
Snake > 2nd order consumer
Hawk > 3rd order consumer
55
What happens to the number of organisms and the amount of energy as you move through a food pyramid or food web?
It decreases
56
What are the 5 needs of all animals?
Food, Water, Air, Shelter, and Space
57
What term describes animals that are fighting for the same need?
competition
58
What term describes animals working together to meet a need?
cooperation
59
What term describes organisms within a population that have specific jobs to ensure basic needs are met (bees and ants)?
Social Hierarchy
60
What term describes an organisms need to establish a habitat in order to meet basic needs and obtain resources?
Territorial Imperative
61
(True/False) Too much of any of one need can be as harmful as too little.
TRUE
62
Identify each of the following as a producer, consumer, or decomposer.
1. grasshopper
2. wheat
3. bacteria spore
1. grasshopper > consumer
2. wheat > producer
3. bacteria spore > decomposer
63
Describe the relationship between a predator and prey?
predator eats prey
64
Give an example of a predator-prey relationship.
snake eats mouse
65
Give an example of a producer-consumer relationship.
grass is eaten by rabbit
66
Identify the symbiotic relationship where one thing benefits while the other is harmed (tick on a dog).
parasitism
67
Identify the symbiotic relationship where one thing benefits while the other isn't affected (vultures feed on the scraps left by a lion).
commensalism
68
Identify the symbiotic relationship where both things benefit (sharks are cleaned by a smaller fish).
mutualism
69
What is an animal's role or job in life called?
niche
70
What are the living organisms within a specific are and their physical environment called?
Ecosystem
71
What are the three main types of ecosystems?
terrestrial (land), Marine, & freshwater
72
What are the large regions with ecological communities adapted to the climate and other conditions called?
Biomes
73
What is an ABIOTIC factor?
nonliving factor (not dead NONLIVING - like a rock!)
74
Examples of abiotic factors.
rocks, water, climate, temperature, sunlight
75
What is a BIOTIC factor?
living factor
76
Example of biotic factors.
trees, animals, cells
77
What is the warmest biome?
desert
78
What is the coldest biome?
tundra
79
What biome gets the most rain?
rainforest
80
What biome gets the least rain?
desert
81
What biome do the animals need to be able to run fast?
grassland
82
What biome do animals and plants need to store water?
desert
83
What biome do plants have very large leaves?
rainforest
84
What biome is white fur an advantage?
tundra
85
What biome is being able to climb or fly important?
rainforest
86
What biome would you find trees with needles and cones?
coniferous forest (Taiga)
87
What biome would you find oak and maple trees?
Deciduous forest
88
What biome are large feet an advantage?
tundra
89
Are there more plants or animals in the grassland or rainforest? Why?
Rainforest; more rain and more stable environment
90
What biome would you find corn and wheat growing?
grassland
91
What term describes a plant either growing towards or growing away from light?
phototropism
92
What term describes an animal that lowers its metabolism in order to deal with cold conditions?
hibernation
93
What term describes a plant's ability to suspend its metabolism in order to deal with adverse conditions?
dormancy
94
Your're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the size of the habitat increases?
population increases
95
Your're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the size of the habitat decreases?
population decreases
96
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of wolves decreases?
population increases
97
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of wolves increases?
population decreases
98
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the food supply decreases?
population decreases
99
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the food supply increases?
population increases
100
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of squirrel (competition) increases?
population decreases
101
You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population if the number of squirrel (competition) decreases?
population increases
102
What is the addition of excess nutrients to an ecosystem called?
Eutrophication
103
What can permanently alter a community and ecosystem?
major climate changes and catastrophic disasters
104
(True/False) Actions by humans can have both a positive and negative effect on the health of an ecosystem and the population of a community.
True
105
Your individual traits are called?
genes
106
What creates DNA and contains all of your individual traits?
chromosomes
107
What is your complete genetic code called?
DNA
108
What is the shape of DNA
double helix (spiral staircase)
109
What word describes the strong trait?
dominant
110
What word describes the weak trait?
recessive
111
What is the trait that actually shows called (physical expression)?
phenotype
112
What the the gene combination called?
genotype
113
What is the name of the chart that shows possible phenotypes and genotypes?
punnett square
114
What are some characteristics you can inherit?
eye color, hair color, bone structure
115
Identify some characteristics determined by your environment.
personality, intelligence, language
116
Who is the Father of Modern Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
117
Who discovered DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
118
Who created the double helix model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
119
What is it called when the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product?
genetic engineering
120
What are changes over time in order to survive?
adaptations
121
What is the process where animals "select" mates with traits best suited for survival?
natural selection
122
What are inheritable changes to an organism's genetic code (a change in a gene)?
mutation
123
What term describes when a species completely dies out?
extinction
124
What does the fossil record, genetic information, distribution of organisms, and similarities among species show?
evidence of evolution
