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Physical Science SOL Remediation > 6th Grade Review > Flashcards

6th Grade Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the planets in order starting with the one closest to the Sun.

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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2
Q

How can you remember the order of the planets?

A

My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos.

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3
Q

How are the 4 inner planets different from the 4 outer planets?

A

Inner planets are relatively small and rocky.

Outer planets are large and gaseous.

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4
Q

Why isn’t Pluto included in the planets?

A

Pluto does not fit the profile of the outer planets; it is small and rocky and it cannot move other objects out of its orbital path.

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5
Q

What is the largest planet?

A

The largest planet is Jupiter.

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6
Q

What is the smallest planet?

A

The smallest planet is Mercury.

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7
Q

What is found between Mars and Jupiter (it divides the inner and outer planets)?

A

Asteroid Belt

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8
Q

What word describes the curved path the planets’ follow around the sun?

A

Elliptical

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9
Q

What two things hold the planets in their orbits?

A

Inertia and Gravity

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10
Q

What is it called when a planet or moon orbits around another object?

A

Revolution

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11
Q

How long is the Earth’s revolution around the Sun?

A

About 1 year, (365 1/4 days)

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12
Q

What is it called when a planet spins on its axis?

A

Rotation

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13
Q

How long is the Earth’s rotation on it’s axis?

A

1 day, 24 hours

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14
Q

What causes the seasons on Earth?

A

Tilt of Earth’s axis

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15
Q

If a hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, what season is it?

A

Summer

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16
Q

If a hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, What season is it?

A

Winter

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17
Q

What causes the length of night and day to change during the year?

A

Changes within the seasons; tilt of Earth’s axis and the angle of the Sun.

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18
Q

If the earth’s axis was not tilted, what would happen to the seasons?

A

There would be NO seasons.

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19
Q

Does the distance that the Earth is away from the Sun effect the seasons?

A

No

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20
Q

What causes day and night on Earth? (It also causes the Sun to appear to move across the sky during the day.)

A

Earth’s rotation on it’s axis.

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21
Q

If the Sun appears directly overhead, what time of day is it?

A

Noon

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22
Q

What causes the phases of the moon?

A

The revolution of the moon around the Earth and which part of the sunlight side of the moon we see.

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23
Q

How long does it take for the moon to complete it’s phases?

A

About 1 month

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24
Q

What are the four major phases of the moon?

A

New moon, 1st quarter, full moon, 3rd (last) quarter

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25
Q

What causes the tides on Earth?

A

Moon’s gravity

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26
Q

If a beach area is directly aligned with the moon what type of tide will happen?

A

High tide

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27
Q

How often do the tides change each day?

A

Every 6 hours

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28
Q

How many high tides would you have each day? Low tides?

A

Two of each

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29
Q

Besides the moon, what object in our solar system could possibly increase the strength of the tides?

A

The Sun

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30
Q

What is it called when the moon blocks the sunlight from the Earth?

A

Solar eclipse

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31
Q

What is it called when the Earth blocks the sunlight from the moon?

A

Lunar eclipse

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32
Q

What determines the amount of gravitational pull for each planet?

A

Its mass

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33
Q

What are 3 major things that make Earth different than all of the other planets?

A
  1. Protective atmosphere with oxygen
  2. Large amount of water in all 3 states
  3. Life
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34
Q

What are three things that all living organisms depend on?

A
  1. Healthy environment
  2. Clean air
  3. Clean water
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35
Q

What do we call resources that are limited in supply (they will eventually run out)?

A

Nonrenewable resources

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36
Q

What are some nonrenewable resources?

A

coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power

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37
Q

What do we call resources that are not limited in supply (they can be replaces by nature)?

A

Renewable resources

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38
Q

What are some renewable resources?

A

water, sunlight, plant life, animal life

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39
Q

What is our top source of energy in the US and other industrialized countries?

A

Fossil fuels

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40
Q

Where do fossil fuels come from?

A

Long dead plants and animals

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41
Q

What is the major cause of pollution (causes acid rain)?

A

burning fossil fuels

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42
Q

what is the “wise and careful use of natural resources” called?

A

conservation

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43
Q

Who establishes regulations and programs to improve the quality of the air, water, and soil?

A

Government agencies

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44
Q

What are some things individuals can do to help conserve resources and protect the environment?

A

recycle, reduce/conserve

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45
Q

What is one of the biggest concerns with using nuclear power?

A

storing the harmful wastes

**pollution prevention and waste management are much cheaper than cleanup.

46
Q

What source of energy is responsible for the motion of the atmosphere, the oceans, and many processes at the Earth’s surface like photosynthesis?

A

The Sun.

47
Q

What is the transfer of energy from the Sun to the Earth’s atmosphere called?

A

Radiation

48
Q

What three types of light waves make up solar radiation?

A
  1. Infrared
  2. visible light
  3. ultraviolet light (UV)
49
Q

What distributes thermal energy in the atmosphere and oceans?

A

Convection currents (radiation heats the surface)

50
Q

What greatly reduces the Sun’s energy that reaches the Earth?

A

reflection and absorption of light

51
Q

What is it called when gases in our atmosphere causes Earth to absorb more heat than it releases?

A

Greenhouse Effect

52
Q

List the layers of the atmosphere starting with the one closest to Earth’s surface and describe something about each.

A
  1. troposphere - the air we breath, weather happens here.
  2. stratosphere - ozone layer is here
  3. mesosphere - protects against meteors
  4. thermosphere - contains ionosphere; auroras are here.
  5. exosphere - connects to outer space; satellites are here.
53
Q

Which mixture of gases make up the air we breathe?

A

Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and argon (plus water)

54
Q

What is the moisture in our air called?

A

Humidity

55
Q

Temperature and air pressure _____________ as altitude increases.

A

decrease

56
Q

What measurement tool is used for each of the following;

  1. air pressure -
  2. humidity -
  3. air temperature -
  4. wind speed -
A
  1. air pressure - barometer
  2. humidity - hygrometer
  3. air temperature - thermometer
  4. wind speed - anemometer
57
Q

What is formed when bodies of water absorb heat and water evaporates?

A

clouds

58
Q

What are the three main types of clouds?

A
  1. cirrus - wispy; sign of a change in weather
  2. stratus - flat; sign of rain/snow
  3. cumulus - puffy; sign of fair weather
59
Q

What can form when lad is strongly heated?

A

thunderstorms

60
Q

What can form when warm tropical water is strongly heated?

A

hurricanes

61
Q

What is formed by a strong rotating column of air usually during a severe (super-cell) thunderstorm?

A

tornado

62
Q

What type of weather is associated with the following systems;

  1. low pressure
  2. high pressure
  3. cold front
  4. warm front
A
  1. low pressure - precipitation
  2. high pressure - fair weather
  3. cold front - stormy weather
  4. warm front - gentle precipitation followed by mild conditions
63
Q

What three things have the most effect on the weather conditions?

A
  1. thermal energy
  2. air pressure
  3. water vapor
64
Q

Why is water a unique compound?

A

Water can exist as a sold, liquid, and gas.

65
Q

Why do water molecules “stick together” (cohesion) like magnets?

A

one side is positive and the other side is negative

66
Q

Because water can dissolve so many things, it is often called _____________________.

A

Universal solvent

67
Q

The climate near large bodies of water is often milder compared to other areas. Why?

A

They absorb heat during the summer and release it slowly during the winter

68
Q

What happens to water when it freezes?

A

It expands (an exception to the thermal expansion rule)

69
Q

Why does ice float in liquid water?

A

Ice has a density that is less than that of liquid water.

70
Q

What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?

A

0 C

71
Q

What is the boiling point of water on the Celsius scale?

A

100 C

72
Q

The breaking up of rock is called _________.

A

weathering

73
Q

What are three examples of physical weathering by water?

A

Rain, ice, and snow wearing down rocks.

74
Q

What is an example of chemical weathering by water?

A

Acid rain

75
Q

What percent of the water on the Earth is salt water?

A

about 97%

76
Q

What percent of the water on the Earth is non-frozen, freshwater?

A

Less than 1%

77
Q

what is the rock layers beneath the Earth’s surface that contain water called?

A

Aquifers

78
Q

where else do we find a large amount of water stored besides oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and aquifers?

A

Inside the bodies of organisms

79
Q

Where were the first human settlements established?

A

Near bodies of water.

80
Q

Water is essential for agriculture. What type of system is designed to provide water to crops?

A

Irrigation systems

81
Q

What type of power is generated by the flow of water through a power plant (like the Hoover Dam)?

A

Hydroelectric power

82
Q

What is one disadvantage of using hydroelectric power?

A

Must have a large water supply

83
Q

What caused many of the disease outbreaks before the 1800’s?

A

contamination of water by human waste/open sewers

84
Q

What is the name for a living community and the nonliving factors that affect it?

A

ecosystems

85
Q

What is the health of an ecosystem directly related to?

A

Quality of water.

86
Q

What are some ways water quality is measured?

A

Temperature, salinity, pH, % dissolved oxygen, cloudiness (turbidity), and presence of macroinvertibrates

87
Q

What is the name for the land that water travels across as it moves to a stream or lake?

A

watershed

88
Q

Where do the watersheds in Virginia lead to?

A

Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina Sounds, or the Chesapeake Bay

89
Q

Rivers and streams generally have wide, flat, border areas onto which water spills out at times of high flow. What are these border areas called?

A

Flood plains

90
Q

What are areas between dry land and bodies of water called (they’re usually saturated with water)?

A

Wetlands

91
Q

What are areas called where freshwater and saltwater meet and are mixed by the tides?

A

Estuaries

92
Q

Estuaries provide habitats for many organisms while serving as resting and nesting areas for many others. Where is the United States’ largest estuary?

A

Chesapeake Bay

93
Q

What kind of human activity can cause an increase of decrease erosion due to water?

A

plowing fields increase erosion vs. planting trees decrease erosion

94
Q

What is the relationship between the speed of water and the size of sediment it can carry?

A

The faster the water flows, the bigger sediment it can carry.

95
Q

The invention of what instrument allowed scientists to learn more about our solar system?

A

Telescope

96
Q

The moon orbits the _________________ and it orbits the _____________.

A

Earth, Sun

97
Q

Yuri Gagarin

A

Russian, 1st person in space

98
Q

Sputnik

A

Russian, 1st satellite in space

99
Q

Alan Shepard

A

1st American in space

100
Q

John Glenn

A

1st American to complete an orbit of the Earth

101
Q

Neil Armstrong

A

1st person walk on the moon

102
Q

Apollo 11

A

1st mission to the moon

103
Q

Ptolemy/Aristotle

A

they thought earth was the center of the solar system (geocentric)

104
Q

Copernicus/Galileo

A

Concluded that the Sun was the center of the solar system (heliocentric)

105
Q

Coldest planet

A

Neptune

106
Q

Red planet

A

Mars

107
Q

Earth’s twin

A

Venus

108
Q

Warmest planet

A

Mercury

109
Q

Planet with the most visible rings

A

Saturn

110
Q

Planet with the most moons

A

Saturn

111
Q

Giant red spot

A

Jupiter

Physical Science SOL Remediation (3 decks)

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