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Chemistry LC 2022 > 8.Radioactivity > Flashcards

8.Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Name of scientists who worked on radioactivity

A

Henri Bequerel

Marie and Pierre Curie

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2
Q

What did Henri Bequerel do?

A

Uranium salt caused dark patches on photographic plates wrapped in black paper

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3
Q

What two elements did Marie discover ? How?

A

Polonium
Radium
Isolated &extracted from uranium ore (pitchblende)

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4
Q

Alpha particle composition

A

2p + 2n (Helium)

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5
Q

Example of alpha particle

A

Americium 241

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6
Q

Beta particle composition

A

-fast moving electrons

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7
Q

How are beta particles made?

A

neutron —> proton + electron

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8
Q

What stops beta particles?

A

5mm aluminum

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9
Q

Example of beta particle

A

carbon 14

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10
Q

What’s gamma radiation

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation like Xrays

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11
Q

How fast does gamma travel

A

Speed of light

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12
Q

What deflects gamma

A

Nothing ; no charge

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13
Q

What stops gamma

A

Thick slab of lead

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14
Q

Example of gamma

A

Cobalt 60

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15
Q

Radioactivity

A

Radioactivity is the spontaneous breaking up of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation .

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16
Q

What is used to measure radiation

A

Geiger muller tube connected to a ratemeter

17
Q

Nuclear reaction

A

A nuclear reaction is a process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus.

18
Q

4 changes to discuss between chemical &nuclear reaction

A
  • involves electrons
  • no new element
  • nuclear radiation
  • chemical bond breaking/formation
19
Q

Half life

A

Half life of an element is the time taken for half the nuclei in any given sample to decay.

20
Q

Radioisotope

A

Radioisotope is a radioactive isotope.

21
Q

Radiocarbon dating

A

Radiocarbon dating is a technique used to determine the age of an object containing carbon. It is based on the ratio of carbon 12 to c14 in the object.

22
Q

3 uses of radioisotopes

A
  1. Medical
  2. Food irradiation
  3. Industrial
23
Q

what gives the background count on the rate meter

A

radon gas, rocks, sun

24
Q

what does the rate meter measure

A

no. of radioactive particles entering geiger-muller tube per second

Chemistry LC 2022 (7 decks)

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