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8Ne Year 8 Science > 8I Earth > Flashcards

8I Earth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The mixture of gases around the Earth

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2
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

A

20.90%

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3
Q

State 3 processes that involve burning fossil fuels.

A

Transport, generating electricity, cooking

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4
Q

Name 3 fossil fuels.

A

Coal, oil, natural gas and peat

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5
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere today?

A

Nitrogen

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6
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The trapping of the Sun’s infrared radiation by the Earth’s atmosphere

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7
Q

Why isn’t the amount of gases in the atmosphere fixed?

A

Due to human activities, seasonal changes

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8
Q

Name 2 processes that release methane.

A

Rice production, decomposing landfill waste, water treatment

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of decomposers.

A

Bacteria and fungi

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10
Q

Where does carbon enter a food chain?

A

From carbon dioxide in the air

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11
Q

What is the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle?

A

Break down dead and decaying organisms

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12
Q

Name 4 sources of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

A

Respiration, combustion, decomposition, volcanoes

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13
Q

Identify the process that removes carbon from the atmosphere.

A

Photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is a carbon sink?

A

Stores of carbon

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15
Q

Identify an example of a carbon sink.

A

Fossil fuels, rocks, dissolved in oceans

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16
Q

What is the effect of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

Global warming

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17
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

Fuels formed from dead animals or plants that died millions of years ago.

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18
Q

Why does driving cause a lot of problems?

A

Driving involves burning fuel which gives out carbon dioxide.

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19
Q

Name two different fuels that can be used in cars.

A

Petrol or diesel

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20
Q

State 2 ways in which humans add to the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

A

Burning fossil fuels for transport, generating electricity and power factories.

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21
Q

Suggest why fossil fuels are widely used.

A

They are cheap and easy to use.

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22
Q

True or false: increasing plant numbers will increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

A

False.

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23
Q

What is meant by vegetation?

A

Plants

24
Q

What process do plants carry out that uses carbon dioxide?

A

Photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the natural greenhouse effect?

A

The natural process of trapping the Sun’s radiation in the air.

26
Q

Name 3 greenhouse gases.

A

Carbon dioxide, Methane, Water vapour.

27
Q

State 2 impacts of climate change.

A

Polar ice sheets melting, less water, longer growing seasons, severe weather, more tropical diseases.

28
Q

Suggest how rising sea levels can affect the world.

A

Flooding leading to Habitat loss.

29
Q

True or false: global warming will cause a reduction in agricultural pests.

A

FALSE

30
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The process of trapping the Sun’s radiation in the air.

31
Q

How much has Earth’s temperature increased in the last century?

A

0.5°C

32
Q

What is the projected temperature rise over the next 100 years?

A

1.4 - 5.8°C

33
Q

Name 3 natural resources we cannot survive without.

A

Biological resources, land, fossil fuels, Metal ores, water.

34
Q

Identify 2 renewable resources.

A

Solar and Wind

35
Q

Suggest why we need mining.

A

To extract metal ores from the ground.

36
Q

Why do farmers use pesticides and fertilisers?

A

To kill pests and provide nutrients for growth

37
Q

True or false: increasing cattle numbers will add to deforestation.

A

TRUE

38
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Variety of different organisms in an area.

39
Q

Identify 2 reasons why huge areas of rainforest are cleared annually.

A

Farming soya and cattle, mining, building hydroelectric power stations, to sell timber.

40
Q

Explain why local tribespeople are forced off their land.

A

Their land is useful for the above.

41
Q

Name 3 materials that can be recycled.

A

Glass, plastic, paper, metals.

42
Q

How much paper does an average family use in a week?

A

4kg

43
Q

True or false – advantages of recycling are that recycling sites cause pollution.

A

FALSE

44
Q

Suggest why recycling sites are unsafe and unhygienic.

A

The recycled materials may not be cleaned.

45
Q

Why are recycling costs often expensive.

A

Separation of materials requires energy.

46
Q

What is an LCA?

A

Life cycle analysis.

47
Q

Explain what PET products end up as.

A

Polyester fibres in clothes or carpets

48
Q

Suggest why people often don’t bother recycling.

A

There is no economic incentive.

49
Q

What elements are in tin oxide?

A

Tin and oxygen

50
Q

What can iron ore be mixed with to extract it.

A

Carbon

51
Q

Give 2 uses each for iron and steel.

A

Bridges, gates, car bodies, cutlery.

52
Q

Suggest what is formed when carbon reacts with oxygen.

A

Carbon dioxide

53
Q

True or false: you cannot react some metals with carbon because they’re too reactive.

A

TRUE

54
Q

Why bother to extract aluminium if it is more expensive to make than iron?

A

It is lighter than steel and wont rust.

55
Q

Explain why we should recycle aluminium rather than extracting it from its ore.

A

It is more expensive to extract from its ore.

56
Q

Explain why we shouldn’t dig up more metals.

A

Mining damages natural habitats and requires more energy than recycling.

8Ne Year 8 Science (10 decks)

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