8C Matter Flashcards
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
Why are elements put in the same group?
They have similar properties
Where do we find the metals and non-metals in the periodic table?
Metals on the left, Non-metals on the right
Describe the properties of the transition metals.
Reactive metals, react with water to create an alkali solution
What are the 3 subatomic particles called?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What do the number next to each element in the periodic table tell us?
How many subatomic particles in the element
What is an isotope?
Different forms of the same element, with different numbers of subatomic particles
Who was Demitri Mendeleev?
The scientist who made the basics of our modern periodic table.
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in his periodic table?
Atomic mass.
How did Mendeleev group elements together?
By similar properties.
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table?
To leave gaps for undiscovered elements.
How did Mendeleev predict the properties of the missing elements?
By using the properties of elements in the same group.
Why did Mendeleev swap the places of Iodine and Tellurium?
Iodine had similar properties with other elements in the same group as tellurium and tellurium did not.
How do we arrange our modern periodic table?
Atomic number.
Describe the position of the alkali metals in the periodic table.
First group on the left.
Explain why alkali metals are stored in oil.
To stop them from reacting with water vapour in the air.
Explain why the group 1 metals are called alkali metals.
They react with water to form an alkaline solution
Write a word equation to show the reaction between lithium and water.
Lithium + Water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Describe the trends shown in the group 1 metals.
Reactivity increases down the group
Describe the colour change of universal indicator when added to water after a reaction with an alkali metal.
Green to purple/ blue
What colour flame can be seen when potassium reacts with water.
Lilac
Write a word equation for the reaction of Rubidium with water.
Rubidium + Water -> Rubidium hydroxide + hydrogen
What are the group 7 elements called?
The Halogens
What do group 7 metals form when they react with metals?
Salts
Describe the appearance of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature.
Chlorine is yellow-green, and bromine is red-brown. Iodine crystals are shiny purple
Describe the trend in melting and boiling point as you go down the group.
They increase
Explain why fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temperature.
Their boiling points are below room temperature.
Describe the trend in reactivity in group 7
Reactivity decreases down the group.
Describe what the term displacement means.
One element replacing another in a compound.
Explain why chlorine can displace bromine from a compound.
Chlorine is more reactive than bromine
Which group contains unreactive gases?
Group 0- Noble gases
Which group of elements would not be suitable for making jewelry?
Group 1
Name a possible use for a transition metal.
Electrical appliances, jewelry
Name a possible use for a group 7 element.
Disinfectants, antiseptics
What can group 0 elements be used for?
To stop other elements reacting with each other
What is the trend in melting point across the metals in period 2?
Increases
What is the trend in melting point across the non-metals in period 2?
Decreases
What is the trend in reactivity across period 2?
Reactivity decreases
Define the term element.
An element is made up of only 1 type of atom.
What is the difference between elements and compounds?
An element is made up of only 1 type of atom, compounds are made up of 2 or more different elements.
Identify the chemical formula for a hydrogen and an oxygen molecule.
H2 and O2
Which elements make up the sugar glucose? (C6H12O6)
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the ending of non-metal compounds?
-ide
How many atoms of an element are in a compound when the name has the prefix ‘mono’?
1
How many atoms of an element are in a compound when the name has the prefix ‘di’?
2
How many atoms of an element are in a compound when the name has the prefix ‘tri’?
3
Describe the appearance of iron oxide.
Orange coloured coating/ black powder.
Describe what a physical change is.
A change in state.
Explain what a chemical change is.
Elements combine to form new compounds.
What is a reactant?
The starting substance in a chemical reaction
Describe the appearance of magnesium.
Shiny silver metal.
Describe the appearance of magnesium oxide.
White powder.
What is the difference between 2Mg and Mg2?
2Mg means two separate Mg atoms. Mg2 means two bonded Mg atoms
Explain what a balanced equation is.
When the number of atoms on each side of an equation are balanced.
Define the term polymer.
Chemicals made of long chains of repeating chemical units
Name 2 possible polymers of glucose used in plants.
Starch and Cellulose
What is a monomer?
A small molecules that builds up into polymers
How does starch get broken down into glucose in a plant?
Enzymes break the bonds between monomers.
What is the monomer of protein?
Amino acids
What is the source of many common synthetic polymers?
Crude Oil
What is it that makes polymers strong?
The large number of chemical bonds
Explain why additional elements are added to rubber.
To make the rubber stronger.
