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8TE Science > 7I Earth > Flashcards

7I Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four different layers of the Earth?

A

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core

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2
Q

Which layer of the Earth do we live on?

A

The crust

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3
Q

What is a tectonic plate?

A

A large section of crust

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4
Q

Why can tectonic plates cause earthquakes?

A

Plates get stuck then suddenly release

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5
Q

Describe the properties of the mantle.

A

Solid, but able to flow like a liquid

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6
Q

What are the Earth’s inner and outer core composed of?

A

Iron and Nickel

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7
Q

Why is the Earth’s inner core solid?

A

Intense pressure

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8
Q

What creates the Earth’s magnetic field?

A

The rotation of the solid inner core within the liquid outer core.

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9
Q

What are sedimentary rocks made from?

A

Small pieces or grains of rock

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10
Q

If a sedimentary rock contained ripple marks, what environment could it have formed in?

A

A river or ocean

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of Sedimentary rocks.

A

Sandstone, mudstone, limestone

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12
Q

What are igneous rocks made from?

A

Lava (Melted rock)

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13
Q

How does the igneous rock Obsidian form?

A

Lava cooling very quickly

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14
Q

Why does the igneous rock Granite have very large crystals?

A

It cooled down very slowly.

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15
Q

How do metamorphic rocks form?

A

From intense heat and/or pressure

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16
Q

Why don’t igneous or metamorphic rocks contain fossils?

A

They would be destroyed by the heat/ pressure

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17
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

A way to explain how each of the three different rock types form and how they interact with one another

18
Q

How can a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?

A

Put it under intense heat and pressure

19
Q

What will form if rocks are heated until they melt?

A

Igneous rocks

20
Q

How can an igneous rock become sediment in a lake?

A

It is weathered, eroded and transported.

21
Q

How can a sedimentary rock become an igneous rock?

A

If it is put under intense heat until it melts and then cools.

22
Q

Where do metamorphic rocks tend to form?

A

Deep underground

23
Q

What causes earthquakes to occur?

A

Movements of tectonic plates

24
Q

What is the Sun?

A

A star

25
Q

Name one of our closest stars.

A

Proxima Centauri and Sirius A

26
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems.

27
Q

What galaxy is our planet part of?

A

The Milky way

28
Q

What process occurs in stars that allows them to give off energy?

A

Nuclear fusion

29
Q

What force keeps planets in orbit around stars?

A

Gravity

30
Q

What is in our solar system?

A

The Sun, the planets and their moons

31
Q

What is the Hubble telescope?

A

A telescope in orbit around the Earth

32
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?

A

365.25 days

33
Q

Why do we have a leap year every 4 years?

A

The 0.25 day is added to 1 whole day every 4 years

34
Q

How long does it take the Earth to rotate once on its axis?

A

24 hours

35
Q

Why can it be daytime in the UK but night time in Australia?

A

The UK and Australia are on opposite sides of the Earth.

36
Q

What angle is the Earth’s axis rotated at?

A

23 degrees

37
Q

What is the barrier between the northern and the southern hemisphere called?

A

The equator

38
Q

When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, what season is it in the southern hemisphere?

A

Only one hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun at a time.

39
Q

Why is it warmer in summer months?

A

More of the Sun’s energy is concentrated in a smaller area.

40
Q

Why do scientists use models?

A

To represent key ideas and make them easier to understand

41
Q

Why is the rock cycle an abstract idea?

A

We cannot see the processes happening

42
Q

In what types of environments do sediments build up?

A

In lakes or oceans

8TE Science (5 decks)

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