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8TE Science > 7J Genes > Flashcards

7J Genes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the scientific definition of a species?

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce together to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Why do organisms have a scientific name?

A

So the species has the same name all over the world no matter what language is spoken.

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3
Q

What is the scientific name for humans?

A

Homo sapiens

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4
Q

The scientific name for a dog is Canis familiaris- what is the name of the genus?

A

Canis

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5
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

A feature that changes gradually over a range of values

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6
Q

What is the name of the graph that shows continuous variation?

A

Bell curve

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7
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

When individuals have features that fall into specific categories.

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8
Q

What type of graph can be drawn to show discontinuous variation?

A

Bar chart or histogram

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9
Q

Identify the 2 causes of variation.

A

Genetic and environmental

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10
Q

What might animals in the wild fight for?

A

Food, water, mates, territory

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11
Q

Name one physical trait caused by the environment.

A

Scars, tattoos, tanned skin, shaved head, dyed hair

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12
Q

Which type of variation cannot be changed?

A

Genetic

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13
Q

Name the male sex cell.

A

Sperm

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14
Q

Name the female sex cell.

A

Egg

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15
Q

Name two features that can be controlled by both forms of variation.

A

Height and Weight

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16
Q

Name two physical traits only affected by genetics.

A

Natural eye colour, natural hair colour, blood group, genetic diseases.

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17
Q

What might happen if all organisms were the same (no variation)?

A

They may die out if the environment changes

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18
Q

Why did the Dodo evolve to be a flightless bird?

A

It had no natural predators on the island

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19
Q

Why did the Dodo go extinct?

A

It was hunted by humans

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20
Q

Why do peacocks with large bright feathers have an advantage over other peacocks?

A

They are more likely to attract a mate

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21
Q

What is an albino?

A

A pure white animals

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22
Q

What does the term antibiotic resistant mean?

A

Not killed by antibiotics

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23
Q

Why are antibiotic resistant bacteria a problem in hospitals?

A

Bacterial infections are common and cannot be treated

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24
Q

Name an antibiotic resistant bacteria.

A

MRSA

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25
Q

What does the term extinct mean?

A

There are no individuals of that species left

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26
Q

Name 2 reasons a species may become extinct.

A

New diseases, predators, competition for resources, changed in the environment or catastrophic events.

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27
Q

Where did the meteor land that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

Chicxulub in Mexico

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28
Q

When did the meteor land that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

65.5 million years ago

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29
Q

Why did the volcanism at the Deccan traps affect the atmosphere?

A

It released dust and ash into the atmosphere which blocked sunlight and reduced temperature.

30
Q

Where can we find evidence of extinct species from the past?

A

The fossil record

31
Q

Why are humans destroying large areas of woodland and rainforest?

A

We require more resources and land.

32
Q

Name 2 things humans are doing to stop species from going extinct.

A

Protecting habitats, maintaining populations of endangered species in zoos, breeding programmes and planting trees.

33
Q

What controls the female fertility cycle?

A

Hormones

34
Q

What does the female reproductive system receive to create a fertilised egg?

A

Sperm

35
Q

Where does the foetus develop in the female reproductive system?

A

Uterus or womb

36
Q

What are the 2 main purposes of the female reproductive system?

A

To produce egg cells and to provide an environment for growing a foetus.

37
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Muscular tube to stretch to allow the baby to pass.

38
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

An opening to allow sperm into the uterus

39
Q

Describe the walls of the uterus.

A

Thick and muscular

40
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

To produce egg cells

41
Q

How long does an average menstrual cycle last?

A

28 days

42
Q

What is the menstrual cycle controlled by?

A

Hormones

43
Q

On which day in the cycle does a woman have her period?

A

The first day

44
Q

What occurs on day 5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

The lining of the uterus builds up

45
Q

On which day in the cycle is an egg released from the ovary?

A

14

46
Q

What happens to an unfertilised egg at the end of the cycle?

A

It leaves the vagina when the woman has her period

47
Q

Which female hormone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken?

A

Oestrogen

48
Q

Which hormones causes an egg to mature in the ovaries?

A

FSH

49
Q

Name the hormone that controls growth and development of organs in males.

A

Testosterone

50
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

A

To produce millions of sperm and to transport them inside the female.

51
Q

In which organ are the sperm cells produced?

A

Testicles

52
Q

Why are the testicles held outside the body?

A

To keep sperm at the best temperature for them to function.

53
Q

Where is semen produced?

A

Prostate gland

54
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

The tube connecting the prostate gland to the penis

55
Q

Name an organism that carries out external fertilisation.

A

Fish

56
Q

When do plants produce pollen?

A

Only when stigmas are ready for fertilisation

57
Q

Define the term ‘infertility’.

A

When a couple are unable to conceive a baby

58
Q

Name 2 external factors that can cause infertility in women and men.

A

Excessive alcohol, drugs, long-term smoking, stress and sexually transmitted diseases can cause infertility.

59
Q

What does the term ‘ovulation’ mean?

A

The release of eggs from the ovaries

60
Q

Why would a blockage in the oviduct cause infertility?

A

It prevents an egg from reaching the uterus and being fertilised.

61
Q

What does IVF stand for?

A

In Vitro Fertilisation

62
Q

What hormone is the woman injected with in IVF?

A

FSH

63
Q

Where does fertilisation occur in IVF?

A

Outside the body (in a lab)

64
Q

What happens to the fertilised egg cells?

A

They are implanted into the lining of the mother’s uterus

65
Q

How long does it take a human foetus to grow from a fertilised egg?

A

38 weeks

66
Q

What term is used to describe the period of growth from egg cell to foetus?

A

Gestation

67
Q

What does the mother provide for the developing foetus?

A

Nutrients and oxygen

68
Q

For how long, during the growth process, are all the cells the same?

A

First two to three weeks

69
Q

What is the name for cells that can become any other type of cell?

A

Stem cell

70
Q

What is an embryo?

A

A ball of cells

71
Q

What is used to create images of the foetus?

A

Ultrasound

72
Q

What is the placenta produced from?

A

The original ball of cells

8TE Science (5 decks)

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