8B - Plants and Their Reproduction Flashcards
5 kingdoms
Plants, animals, protoctists, prokaryotes, fungi
Properties of plants
Cell walls of cellulose, multicellular, make their own food
Ferns
Roots, xylem tissue (no flowers or cones)
Mosses
Thin leaves that lose water (no roots or xylem)
Conifers
Roots, xylem, needle-shaped leaves (no flowers)
Flowering plants
Flower, roots, large and flat leaves, xylem tissue (no cones)
Animals
No cell walls, multicellular, don’t make own food
Fungi
Cell walls contain chitin, mostly multicellular, live on dead organisms
Protoctists
Mostly unicellular
Prokaryotes
No nucleus, unicellular
Biodiversity
Habitats that contain many different species
Why should we preserve this?
Organisms depend on each other, if one organism becomes extinct it will affect organisms from the same species
Sexual reproduction
Includes two parents of the same species, one male gamete and one female gamete. Produces offspring that can reproduce too
Advantages of S.R
More variety, greater resistance to disease
Disadvantages of S.R
Takes more time, favourable could be lost
Asexual reproduction
Only one parent, identical to parent
Advantages of A.R
Quick, many individuals
Disadvantages of A.R
Less variety (genetic)
Pollination
When pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of another flower by animals, wind or water. Flowers have different structures depending on how they’re pollinated
Insect pollinated
Petals, nectar, short filaments, sticky pollen in large quantities, small and sticky carpels
What things does a seed need germination?
Warmth, water and oxygen
What is photosynthesis?
Process in which plants make their own food
Describe the process of photosynthesis
Plant gets energy from the Sun. Chloroplasts trap the energy and transfer it to glucose molecules which store it. Salts and minerals from the soil help the plant grow. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Interdependence
When organisms depend on one another for e.g food, pollen, etc
