8.5

Question 1

Cognitive influence operant condition: what is an important principle of OPERANT CONDITIONING?

Answer 1

that consequences are required for learning to occur

Question 2

What did Tolman (1948) do?

Answer 2

challenged this very principle.
His experiment showed that by allowing rats to explore mazes w/o food reinforcement, they can learn and form cognitive maps.
They merely demonstrate their learning when they are motivated by the food reward.

Question 3

Biological influence: Brelands

Answer 3

the raccoons trained with the coins tried to wash them instead of depositing them in the bank
FR schedule: food reward
=> coins became higher-order classical conditioning due to relationship w/ food
=> natural approach to food / strong instinctive behaviours interfered w/ their handling of the coins