8.4.1 Biological Factors Part 2

Question 1

Depth Cues:

Answer 1

Sources of information from the environment or our body that help us perceive how far away objects are and depth

Question 2

Depth Perception:

Answer 2

Ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and perceive the world in 3d

Question 3

Binocular Depth Cues

Answer 3

Requires the use of both eyes to provide the brain information about the distance of an object

Question 4

Types of Binocular Depth Cues

Answer 4

Convergence and Retinal Disparity

Question 5

Convergence:

Answer 5

When the brain detects and interprets depth/distance due to the:

-> Tension of eye muscles (more tension = closer the object)

-> Direction of eye gaze (turning inwards to focus on closer objects)

-> Only effective within 6m, beyond the distance, lines of sight are parallel, no need for eyes to converge

Question 6

Retinal Disparity

Answer 6

The slight difference between two images provided by positioning of each eye, since the eyes are 6-7cm apart

-> Difference in the image decreases as the object moves further away.

-> Beyond 10m or so, there is hardly any difference in the image cast on each retina.

-> Effective within 10m

Question 7

Monocular Depth Cue

Answer 7

Require only use of 1 eye to provide information about depth/distance, operating with both eyes

Question 8

Types of Monocular Depth Cues

Answer 8

Accommodation and Pictorial Cues

Question 9

Accommodation

Answer 9

Automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus on an object in response to how far away an object is

-> Ciliary muscles contract to enable the lens to bulge, expand, and flatten

-> Closer object = greater lens bulge

Question 10

Pictorial Cues

Answer 10

Artists use these cues to give the impression of depth and distance on flat, two-dimensional canvas

Question 11

Types of Pictorial Cues

Answer 11

Linear Perspectives, Interposition, Texture Gradient, Relative Size, Height in Visual Field

Question 12

Linear Perspectives

Answer 12

the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they go back into the distance.

Question 13

. Interposition

Answer 13

when one object partially covers another, the blocked object is perceived as further away than the object that covers it

Question 14

Texture Gradient

Answer 14

the gradual reduction of detail that occurs when something is further in the distance, compared to when something that is close which is perceived in fine detail

Question 15

Relative Size

Answer 15

object that produces the largest image on the retina is closer, and the object that produces the smaller size on the retina is further away.
Objects being perceived must be expected to be about the same size in real life.

Question 16

Height In Visual Field

Answer 16

objects that are located closer to the horizon are perceived as being more distant than objects located further from the horizon