84 - 166 Flashcards
look at slide 84 images
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Tracheal Histology:
Four layers (exterior to lumen)?
- Adventitia
- Hyaline cartilage
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
Usually 16-20 incomplete, horizontal rings stacked on one another (resemble letter “C”)
Hyaline cartilage of the trachea
Opening is to the posterior, facing the esophagus
Horizontal rings of Hyaline cartilage of the trachea
Hyaline cartilage of the trachea:
______ membrane spans this opening
Inside this membrane lie transverse smooth muscle fibers called the ______
Membrane also contains elastic connective tissue that allows…
Fibromuscular
trachealis muscle
…. the diameter to change during inhalation/exhalation
Semi-rigid structure allows for patency of the airway so that it does not collapse on itself
Hyaline cartilage of the trachea
Areolar connective tissue
Contains seromucous glands and their ducts
Submucosa of the trachea
which layer of the trachea Contains seromucous glands and their ducts?
what type of tissue is found here?
Submucosa of the trachea
Areolar connective tissue
Contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (like nasal cavity and larynx)
Provides protection from dust, other particles
Mucosa layer of trachea
Mucosa layer of trachea:
Contains __ ___ ___ epithelium (like nasal cavity and larynx)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The image on slide 87 is vital to your performance on the next exam, but MORE IMPORTANTLY to your understanding of the respiratory system as a provider
Gut check
At superior border of ____ ____ ____, trachea divides into
Right primary (main) bronchus
- –Shorter, more vertical, and wider than left
- –Why is this important?
Left primary (main) bronchus
5th thoracic vertebra
more vertical and wider = more of a potential of a right main stem
Considered to be most sensitive area for the cough reflex
Carina- the point where the trachea divides
the point where the trachea divides
Carina
The ___ carry air into the lungs
bronchi
Bronchi contain incomplete rings of ____ ____
Bronchi are also lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (like trachea, nasal cavity)… what does this help to do?
hyaline cartilage
Helps to remove foreign objects (dust, etc)
Bronchial Tree Flow
Talk me through it from Primary Bronchus to smallest bronchi (not bronchioles)… siri is listening
Primary (main) bronchus TWO (1:1)
Secondary (lobar) bronchus FIVE (3:2)
- —-3 in right lung
- —-2 in left lung
Tertiary (segmental) bronchus TWENTY (10:10)
—–10 segments in each lung
Transition to smaller and smaller bronchi
—–Until lumen is ~1mm and no cartilage in airway walls, which signifies the transition to bronchioles
SLIDE 96 may be a good picture for reinforcement
Bronchial Tree Flow
Talk me through it from Lobular bronchioles to to alveoli… siri is still listening
Lobular bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
- –Last part of conducting zone
- –Last MACROSCOPIC airway
Respiratory bronchioles
- –First part of respiratory zone
- –First MICROSCOPIC airway
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
—Group of alveoli sharing same alveolar duct
Alveolus (Alveoli)
—Last part of conducting zone
—Last MACROSCOPIC airway
Terminal bronchioles
—First part of respiratory zone
—First MICROSCOPIC airway
Respiratory bronchioles
Cartilage In Resp System
Cartilage
—As bronchi transition into smaller branches, rings of cartilage are….
—As bronchi divide into smaller bronchi (tertiary and smaller), these plates get much ____
- –As cartilage reduces in size and quantity, amount of smooth muscle increases
- ——— _____ have complete smooth muscle with NO cartilage
…replaced by plates of cartilage
smaller
Bronchioles
As _____ reduces in size and quantity, amount of smooth muscle increases
cartilage of the respiratory system
Terminal bronchioles:
Represent ______ of respiratory system
Have _____ function
Represent END of conducting zone of respiratory system
Have exocrine function
Terminal bronchioles
Have exocrine function:
contain ___ cells which are?
they protect against?
produce what?
Function as what type of cell?
Contain club cells (formerly known as Clara cells)
Non-ciliated cells interspersed among epithelial cells
Protects against harmful toxins and carcinogens
Produces/secretes small amount of surfactant (liquid/mucous)
—–This surfactant acts to help keep the bronchiole lumen from collapsing onto itself and remaining closed
Function as stem cells (reserve cells)
—–Gives rise to various cells in epithelium