Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP2 B6 > 1-83 > Flashcards

1-83 Flashcards

1
Q

branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the ears, nose, and throat (ENT)

A

Otorhinolaryngology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the lungs

A

Pulmonology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells in body use oxygen for many different metabolic reactions, releasing?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Excessive CO2 in the body can lead to ____ (very toxic to all cells in body)

A

acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Excess CO2 must be eliminated effectively and efficiently.

The respiratory system helps to accomplish this along with the ____ system

A

circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems work together to supply O2 and eliminate CO2

A

Thanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intake of O2 and elimination of CO2 (gas exchange)

A

Respiratory system-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transports blood containing the gases between lungs and body cells

A

Cardiovascular system-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of either system disrupts homeostasis and causes rapid cellular death from

A

Oxygen starvation

Buildup of waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Participates in blood pH regulation
Contains receptors for sense of smell
Filters inspired air
Helps produce sounds (speech)
Rids body of some heat and water through exhalation
A

Respiratory system (some extra duties…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Respiratory system (some extra duties…)

A 
Participates in blood pH regulation
Contains receptors for sense of smell
Filters inspired air
Helps produce sounds (speech)
Rids body of some heat and water through exhalation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Just as in the digestive system, the respiratory system has an extensive area of contact with ____ environment

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi
Lungs
A

Respiratory System consists of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory System consists of

A 
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi
Lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory Anatomy: Can be categorized structurally or by function. Two structures?

A

Upper and lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structures

structural

A

Upper respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Upper respiratory system

structural

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

structural

A

Lower respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lower respiratory system

structural

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functional zones?

A

Conducting and respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where filtration, warming and moistening of the air occurs

A

Conducting Zone-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

A

Conducting Zone-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conducting Zone-

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs

A

Respiratory Zone–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

A

Respiratory Zone–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Respiratory Zone–

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Visible on the face
Consists of supporting framework of bone and cartilage covered by muscle and skin
Frontal, nasal and maxillae bones form bony framework
Septal nasal, lateral nasal, and alar cartilage form the cartilaginous framework
This is what makes the external nose flexible
External nares are the openings of nose seen on the face

A

External aspect

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Frontal, nasal and maxillae bones form bony framework for?

A

External aspect of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What cartilage for external nose aspect?

A

Septal nasal, lateral nasal, and alar cartilage form the cartilaginous framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Large space in anterior skull that lies inferior to nasal bone and superior to maxilla

A

Internal aspect (nasal cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anteriorly, the nasal cavity merges with the external nose

Posteriorly it communicates with the pharynx through two openings called the

A

internal nares (choanae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ducts from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts drain into the

A

nasal cavity (internal aspect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Paranasal sinuses include the (4)?

A

maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Slide 24, 25

A

for nose stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Roof of nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Floor of nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bones and palatine processes of maxillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lateral wall of nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid (makes the superior and middle nasal concha), maxillae, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Anterior portion of nasal cavity just inside the nostrils

Surrounded by cartilage

A

Nasal vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Vertical partition in nasal cavity

Mostly hyaline cartilage

Formed from the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, septal
(quadrangular) cartilage, and the vomer

A

Nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Formed from the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, septal (quadrangular) cartilage, and the vomer

A

Nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Mostly hyaline? cartilage?

A

Nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Nasal septum pictures?

A

Slide 29, 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Produces mucous that lines the sinus cavity and drains into the nasal cavity to keep it moist

A

Sinus Cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Allow our voice to resonate better?

A

Sinus cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Gives structure to the face?

A

Sinus cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Air enters nostril passing through the

A

nasal vestibules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Vestibules have ___containing coarse hair which filters large dust particles

A

mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

After nasal vestibules, air then passes through the shelves formed by the nasal ____

A

conchae bones (turbinates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Extend from the lateral walls towards the septum?

A

nasal conchae bones (turbinates)

Inferior, middle, and superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Spaces in between these turbinates are called ____ (groove-like passageways)

A

meatuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Mucous membranes (containing goblet cells and cilia) line these conchae which help catch ____ on exhalation (helps prevent dehydration)

A

water droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Views of the turbinates

A

38, 39, 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Air is whirled over the ___ and through the meatuses (spaces in between)

A

turbinates

54
Q

As air whirls over turbinates/through meatuses, This exposes the air to blood in ___ which helps to warm it

A

capillaries

55
Q

As air whirls over turbinates/through meatuses, Mucous secreted by ___ here helps to moisten the air as well as capture smaller dust particles

A

goblet cells

56
Q

As air whirls over turbinates/through meatuses, ___ in this region help to move mucous and trapped dust particles towards the pharynx where they can be swallowed or spit out

A

Cilia

57
Q

Post nasal drip from movement from what nasal feature?

A

Cilia moving stuff towards pharynx

58
Q

Funnel shaped tube?

Approximately 5in long?

A

Pharynx

59
Q

Starts at internal nares and extends to level of cricoid cartilage (most inferior cartilage of larynx)

A

Pharynx

60
Q

Pharynx starts at ___and extends to level of cricoid cartilage (most inferior cartilage of larynx)

A

internal nares

61
Q

Lies just posterior to nasal and oral cavities and just anterior to cervical vertebra

A

Pharynx

62
Q

Wall of pharynx is ___ muscle with mucous membrane at the lumen

A

skeletal

Relaxation of these muscles keeps the pharynx patent
Contraction of these muscles assists in deglutition

63
Q

Layers of pharynx skeletal muscles?

A

Inner layer of longitudinal muscle

Outer layer of circular muscle

64
Q

Functions as passageway for both air and food
Helps resonate speech sounds
Houses the tonsils

A

Pharynx

65
Q

Three anatomical regions of pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx/Hypopharynx

66
Q

Superior portion of the pharynx

Posterior to the nasal cavity, extends to soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

67
Q

5 openings in nasopharynx?

A

Two internal nares
Two eustachian tubes (auditory/pharyngotympanic tubes)
Opening into the oropharynx

68
Q

Contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Also exchanges small amounts of air with eustachian tubes to equalize pressure between pharynx and middle ear

A

nasopharynx

69
Q

Nasopharynx contains what tonsils?

A

pharyngeal (adenoids)

70
Q

Intermediate portion of pharynx

Extends from soft palate to upper border of epiglottis (at the level of the inferior aspect of the hyoid bone)

Contains only one opening, the fauces (or mouth)

A

Oropharynx

71
Q

Oropharynx Extends from soft palate to ____ (at the level of the inferior aspect of the hyoid bone)

A

upper border of epiglottis

72
Q

This portion has both respiratory and digestive functions?

A

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx/Hypopharynx

73
Q

Two “pairs” of tonsils found in oropharynx?

A

Palatine

Lingual singular

74
Q

Begins at inferior aspect of hyoid bone

Inferior end opens into esophagus posteriorly or larynx anteriorly

A

Laryngopharynx/Hypopharynx

75
Q

Laryngopharynx/Hypopharynx

begins at ___ and opens into ____

A

inferior aspect of hyoid bone

esophagus posteriorly or larynx anteriorly

76
Q

Oropharynx ends and begins?

A

Extends from soft palatae to upper border of epiglottis

77
Q

“voice box”?

A

Larynx

78
Q

Short passageway connecting laryngopharynx with the trachea

A

larynx

79
Q

Larynx technically begins at the level of the hyoid bone (base of the tongue) and ends just after the

A

vocal cords

80
Q

There is overlap between the ___ and larynx (hence laryngopharynx)

A

pharynx

81
Q

Larynx lies midline in the neck, anterior to the ___ cervical vertebrae and esophagus

A

4th-6th

82
Q

Three functions of larynx?

A

When open – breathing
Partially open – phonation/speaking
Closed – protecting airway from food/liquids during deglutition

83
Q

How many pieces of cartilage in the larynx?

A

9

84
Q

How many singular peices of cartilage in larynx and what are their names?

A

Three singular pieces
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Cricoid

85
Q

How many paired pieces in the larynx?

A

Three paired pieces (for moving the vocal folds)
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

86
Q

Gives larynx a triangular shape

Present in both males and females (males is larger due to testosterone)

A

Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple

87
Q

Laryngeal ___-is what gives shape to the “point” of one’s adam’s apple

A

prominence

88
Q

Leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that hovers/closes over the glottis (tracheal opening)

A

Epiglottis

89
Q

Epiglottis attached to posterior aspect of ____ by thyroepiglottic ligament

A

thyroid cartilage

90
Q

Base of epiglottis connects to the posterior surface of the ____

A

thyroid cartilage

91
Q

Epiglottis Folds down ___ to cover the trachea

A

posteriorly

92
Q

Epiglottis protects the trachea when food/liquids are being swallowed. When dust, smoke, food particles, liquids happen to pass into trachea, a cough reflex occurs helping to expel the material.

A

aight

93
Q

Ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

only true ring

94
Q

Attached to first ring of trachea by the cricotracheal ligament

A

Cricoid cartilage

95
Q

Thyroid cartilage is connected to the cricoid cartilage by the cricothyroid ligament and inferior ____

A

thyroid cartilage horns

96
Q

___ cartilage is landmark for cricothyroidotomies

A

Cricoid

Incision is made just above this cartilage (and just below the thyroid cartilage) in the cricothyroid membrane

97
Q

Triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage

A

Arytenoid cartilage

JUST KNOW IT EXISTS

98
Q

Corniculate cartilage

Cuneiform cartilage

A

JUST KNOW THEY’RE PAIRED

99
Q

Lining of the larynx ___ to the vocal cords is pseudostratified CILIATED columnar epithelium which also contains

A

inferior

Ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells

100
Q

Inferior larynx contains?

A

Ciliated columnar cells – move trapped particles up towards the pharynx for expulsion

Goblet cells – produces mucus to help trap dust

Basal cells – provides structure/strength

101
Q

Two pairs of folds for voice production?

A

Vestibular/Ventricular folds

Vocal folds

102
Q

Superior pair

False vocal cords

A

Vestibular/Ventricular folds

103
Q

Inferior pair

True vocal cords

A

Vocal folds

104
Q

Although not for normal speech, these folds are useful. These close together to help hold the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity

A

Vestibular/Ventricular (superior; false) folds function

105
Q

“Fluttering” of these false vocal cords causes distinct growling sound

A

Vestibular/Ventricular (superior; false) folds function

106
Q

Principle structures of normal voice production

A

Vocal (inferior; true) folds

107
Q

Laryngeal muscles attach here (the folds) as well, when they contract, it pulls elastic ligaments tight which stretch the vocal cords adducting them (narrowing the ___)

A

rima glottidis

108
Q

Contracting and relaxing of these muscles varies the tension on the vocal cords, changing sound

A

laryngeal muscles

Elastic ligaments stretched between rigid cartilage
Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

109
Q

Air passing over these cords produces sound. Vibrates the cords causing ___(speaking)

A

phonation

110
Q

The greater the ___, the louder the sound

A

air pressure

111
Q

If cords are pulled ___, they vibrate more rapidly resulting in a higher pitch

A

tight

112
Q

If they are more ___, they vibrate less rapidly resulting in a lower pitch

A

relaxed

113
Q

Occurs from closing all but posterior portion of rima glottidis

A

Whispering

114
Q

Cords do not vibrate when whispering, so there is no pitch in this form of speech

A

Just allows air to pass through

115
Q

Intelligible speech is formed by changing shape of ___ as we enunciate
As size of oral cavity changes, resonance quality change

A

oral cavity

116
Q

all help with voice production?

A

Pharynx, mouth, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

They act as resonating chambers

117
Q

___ sounds are made by constricting/relaxing muscles in the wall of the pharynx

A

Vowel

118
Q

___ sounds require movement of the mouth to complete

A

Consonant

119
Q

Muscles of face, lips, tongue help enunciation of both

A

vowels and consonants

120
Q

___ are usually thicker and longer causing a slower vibration and lower pitch

A

Male vocal cords

due to androgen influence

121
Q

___ vocal cords are thin and shorter

A

Female

less androgen influence

It doesn’t mean that all males are lower pitched and all females are higher pitched

122
Q

~5 inches long

~1 inch in diameter

A

Trachea

123
Q

Located anterior to esophagus

A

Trachea

124
Q

Trachea usually extends from larynx to ____

A

superior border of 5th thoracic vertebra (T5)

125
Q

Where does the trachea divide into right and left primary bronchi

A

superior border of 5th thoracic vertebra (T5)

126
Q

Anteriorly, the nasal cavity merges with the external
nose

Posteriorly it communicates with the pharynx through
two openings called the internal nares AKA

A

choanae

127
Q

Internal nares AKA

A

Choanae

128
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

Openings of frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses

129
Q

Opening of the middle ethmoid sinus

A

Ethmoid bulla

130
Q

5 openings of the nasal cavity from the picture on slide 25?

A

Look at the slide turd

131
Q

Septal cartilage AKA

A

Quadrangular

AP2 B6 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions