8.3 Growth Disorders Flashcards
What are growth disorders?
Represented by changes in pattern of growth or differentiation related to single cells, tissues, or organs
What is Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of CSF
Causes of congenital defects
- Viral disease
- Toxins
- Drugs
- Ionising radiation
- Nutrition deficiency
- Physical trauma
- Anoxia
- Chromosomal defects
Hairy shaker disease
Infection of dam by Border disease virus (pestivirus)
Invades rapidly dividing cells of lamb’s cerebellum
Smallenberg virus
Curved spine (kyphosis)
Underdeveloped muscle
Fixed joints (arthrogryposis)
Short lower jaw (brachygnathia inferior)
Infects CNS - lamb doesn’t move during development
Toxins: Veratrum californicum (‘corn lily’)
- Ingested 12-14 days of gestation
- Contains alkaloids that interfere with neural tube dev.
- Produces cyclopia in lambs
Drugs: Griseofulvin (ringworm treatment)
Causes cleft palate if given to queen in first trimester
Nutritional deficiency: Copper
- Degeneration of white matter due to hypomyelination/demyelination
- Swayback
- Enzoonotic ataxia
What determines cell response to chronic injury?
- type of injurious agent
- extent of injury
- duration of injury
- cell type affected
What is atrophy? Gross and Micro appearance
Decrease in cell/organ size
Gross: Tissue is smaller and paler
Micro: Cells smaller, inactive appearance, relative increase in supportive connective tissue
What is hypertrophy? Three types?
Increase in size of organ due to increase in size of individual cells
- Compensatory
- Obstructional
- Hormone mediates
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in organ size due to increase in number of cells
- Hormonal stimulation
- Response to irritation
What is metaplasia? Caused by?
Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another
Caused by injury, hormone stimulation
What is dysplasia?
- Precancerous change in epithelium
- Abnormal growth within tissue during development
