8.3 genome projects Flashcards
What is a genome?
the complete set of genes in a cell
What is a proteome?
the full range of proteins that the genome can code for
What are genome projects aim?
map DNA base sequences and locate the genes to chromosomes
What is genome sequencing used for?
to determine the entire base seq of DNA in orgs
What did the Human genome project do in 2003?
mapped the entire sequence of the human genome
What are the advantages of using genome projects?
- to find relatedness of orgs
-for genetic modification of diff orgs (plants/animals) for human benefit
Describe the process of genome sequencing?
- cut the DNA into overlapping fragments short enough for sequencing
- clone the fragments in plasmid vectors
- sequence each fragment
- order the sequences into one overall sequence with computer software
genome sequencing of simple orgs includes what orgs?
single-celled orgs
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
Why is genome sequencing easier for prokaryotes DNA?
DNA is shorter
there are no introns
DNA is not bound to histones
What is the name of the project that researchs simpler orgs genome sequencing?
human microbiome project
How can info from genome sequencing of simpler orgs be used in developing vaccines?
identify antigens of human pathogens
How can info from genome sequencing in simpler orgs be used for exploiting genes?
manipulating a genes function for a specific purpose
eg. some genes have potential use in cleaning pollutants or manufacturing biofuels
What project researchs the genome sequencing of complex orgs?
the human proteome project
What is the human proteome project trying to find?
trying to identify all proteins produced by humans
What are the 2 reasons that genome sequencing in complex orgs is difficult?
- they have introns = non-coding regions
- epistasis occurs = regulatory genes for gene expression that do not code for proteins
difficulties in translating the genome into proteome
