1.6 ATP and Energy

Question 1

What is ATP made of?

Answer 1

adenine
ribose
3 phosphates

Question 2

What is adenine?

Answer 2

a nitrogen containing organic base

Question 3

What is ribose?

Answer 3

a sugar molecule with 5 carbon ring structure = acts as a backbone for ATP it is where other parts of ATP are attached

Question 4

What is phosphate in ATP structure?

Answer 4

a chain of 3 phosphate groups - key to how ATP stores energy

Question 5

How does ATP release a lot of energy?

Answer 5

the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable so it has a low activation energy- easily broken
when they break they release energy

Question 6

What is the ATP hydrolysis equation?

Answer 6

ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + E

E = energy
Pi= inorganic phosphate
it is a reversible reaction

Question 7

What is ATP hydrolysis catalysed by?

Answer 7

ATP Hydrolase (enzyme)

Question 8

What is ATP synthesis catalysed by?

Answer 8

ATP Synthase (enzyme)

Question 9

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

water is removed ( ATP synthesis)
energy is supplied from respiration

Question 10

What is ATP real name?

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 11

What is Pi?

Answer 11

Inorganic phosphate

Question 12

What enzyme catalyses ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 12

ATP hydrolase

Question 13

What type of reaction is ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 13

Exergonic = releases energy

Question 14

What does ATP hydrolysis form?

Answer 14

ADP and Pi

Question 15

What enzyme catalyses ATP synthesis?

Answer 15

ATP synthase

Question 16

What type of reaction is ATP synthesis?

Answer 16

Endergonic = stores energy

Question 17

What molecules does ATP synthesis use?

Answer 17

ADP and Pi

Question 18

What are the 3 roles of ATP?

Answer 18

Energy donor molecule
Immediate energy source
Universal energy carrier molecule

Question 19

What does energy donor molecule mean?

Answer 19

Provides energy to reactions that need it - endergonic reactions

Question 20

What does universal energy carrier molecule mean?

Answer 20

All reactions in all cells in all organisms uses ATP as energy source

Question 21

What are the advantages of ATP over glucose?

Answer 21

Only one enzyme needed to hydrolyse ATP = releases energy immediately
Releases energy in usable quantities
Can be easily transported across organelle membranes - water soluble
Doesn’t need to be stored
Easily recycled to ADP and Pi

Question 22

What is a disadvantage of ATP to glucose?

Answer 22

Any cell that produces ATP needs to produce it itself so it needs mitochondria
The exception is sieve tube elements gets ATP from the companion cells

Question 23

What are simultaneous reactions?

Answer 23

They occur at the same time and something is transferred from one reaction to the other eg. Energy

Question 24

How is ATP produced?

Answer 24

Energy in glucose from resp is used in ATP synthesis with ADP and Pi to form ATP

Question 25

How is ATP broken down?

Answer 25

Energy from ATP synthesis is used in muscle contraction and ATP hydrolysis takes place to form ADP and Pi

Question 26

How is ATP formed?

Answer 26

condensation reaction catalysed by ATP synthase using adenine, ribose and 3 phosphates

Question 27

During what processes is ATP resynthesised in cells?

Answer 27

resp or photosynthesis

Question 28

How is the hydrolysis of ATP used in cells?

Answer 28

to provide energy for reactions
to add phosphate to other substances and make them more reactive