1.6 ATP and Energy Flashcards
What is ATP made of?
adenine
ribose
3 phosphates
What is adenine?
a nitrogen containing organic base
What is ribose?
a sugar molecule with 5 carbon ring structure = acts as a backbone for ATP it is where other parts of ATP are attached
What is phosphate in ATP structure?
a chain of 3 phosphate groups - key to how ATP stores energy
How does ATP release a lot of energy?
the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable so it has a low activation energy- easily broken
when they break they release energy
What is the ATP hydrolysis equation?
ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + E
E = energy
Pi= inorganic phosphate
it is a reversible reaction
What is ATP hydrolysis catalysed by?
ATP Hydrolase (enzyme)
What is ATP synthesis catalysed by?
ATP Synthase (enzyme)
What is a condensation reaction?
water is removed ( ATP synthesis)
energy is supplied from respiration
What is ATP real name?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is Pi?
Inorganic phosphate
What enzyme catalyses ATP hydrolysis?
ATP hydrolase
What type of reaction is ATP hydrolysis?
Exergonic = releases energy
What does ATP hydrolysis form?
ADP and Pi
What enzyme catalyses ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase
What type of reaction is ATP synthesis?
Endergonic = stores energy
What molecules does ATP synthesis use?
ADP and Pi
What are the 3 roles of ATP?
Energy donor molecule
Immediate energy source
Universal energy carrier molecule
What does energy donor molecule mean?
Provides energy to reactions that need it - endergonic reactions
What does universal energy carrier molecule mean?
All reactions in all cells in all organisms uses ATP as energy source
What are the advantages of ATP over glucose?
Only one enzyme needed to hydrolyse ATP = releases energy immediately
Releases energy in usable quantities
Can be easily transported across organelle membranes - water soluble
Doesn’t need to be stored
Easily recycled to ADP and Pi
What is a disadvantage of ATP to glucose?
Any cell that produces ATP needs to produce it itself so it needs mitochondria
The exception is sieve tube elements gets ATP from the companion cells
What are simultaneous reactions?
They occur at the same time and something is transferred from one reaction to the other eg. Energy
How is ATP produced?
Energy in glucose from resp is used in ATP synthesis with ADP and Pi to form ATP
How is ATP broken down?
Energy from ATP synthesis is used in muscle contraction and ATP hydrolysis takes place to form ADP and Pi
How is ATP formed?
condensation reaction catalysed by ATP synthase using adenine, ribose and 3 phosphates
During what processes is ATP resynthesised in cells?
resp or photosynthesis
How is the hydrolysis of ATP used in cells?
to provide energy for reactions
to add phosphate to other substances and make them more reactive
What is the role of ATP hydrolase in Na+/K+ co-transport?
hydrolyses ATP to release energy (ATP)
this energy is used to move ions against conc grad
