8.3 Gas exchange in vertebrate groups Flashcards
What are the major issues for terrestrial organisms?
Water evaporated from body surfaces
Gas exchange surfaces need to be:
- thin
- permeable
- have large surface area
- moist
- maintain a gas concentration gradient
However water can also pass through the gas exchange surfaces which means that the organism can lose a significant amount of water
What are 3 types Amphibian
- Frogs
- Newts
- Toads
What is the process of gas exchange in amphibians
The skin of amphibians is moist + permeable
It has a well developed capillary network beneath the surface
Gas exchange occurs both through the skin and the lungs when it is active
What are 3 types of reptiles?
- crocodiles
- lizards
- snake
What is the process of gas exchange in reptiles?
Their lungs have a complex internal structure relative to amphibians
which increases the surface area for gas exchange?
What are the 3 main types of respiratory surface in animals?
- Gills (fish )
- Lungs (mammals + reptiles)
- Trachea (insects)
What do more complex organisms need for efficient gas exchange
A more complex organism needs the following for efficient gas exchange
A ventilation mechanism and
an internal transport system e.g. The circulation system to move gasses between the respiratory surface and the respiring cells
What is ventilation?
Ventilation is the process by which gases are moved to or from a gas exchange surface, which only happens in some organisms
What is gas exchange?
A process by which gases cross a gas exchange surface, this occurs in all organisms.
What is respiration
Respiration is a metabolic pathway that releases chemical energy from food molecules, which happens in all organisms.
Why do birds require large volumes of oxygen
They process a large volume of oxygen because flight requires a lot of energy
How does the process of ventilation differ in birds to other vertebrates
Birds dont have a diaphragm
However they use their ribs and flight muscles to ventilate the lungs more efficiently than other vertebrates
