8.2 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND LANDSCAPE Flashcards
what is morphology?
-the shape of the landscape and its features
whats a submergent coast?
-where sea levels are rising and flooding land
whats an emergent coast?
-where sea levels fall through the uplift of land
how are primary coasts created?
-from land-based processes
how are secondary coasts formed?
-through marine-based processes
how can sediment form?
-from cliffs breaking down
-from tides and waves
-deposition from river processes
what is strata?
-different layers of rock within an area and how they relate to each other
what is deformation?
-the degree to which rock units have been deformed by tectonic activity
what is faulting?
-the presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions
what is a concordant coastline?
-generated when rock strata run parallel to the coastline
what is a discordant coastline? (3)
-form when different rock strata intersect the coast at angle
-less resistant rock are eroded to form bays
-creates elongated bays
what are discordant coastlines dominated by?
-headlands and bays
what is an example of a discordant coastline?
-West Cork in Ireland
-rock strata meet the coast at 90 degrees in parallel bands
what is wave refraction?
-concentrating powerful waves at headlands to reduce erosion
example of a concordant coastline?
-lulworth, dorset
-strata run parallel to coast
what is a recession?
-continuing landward movement of shoreline, caused by human + physical factors
what is recession influenced by? (6)
-rock type
-mass movement
-weathering
-wave energy
-human activity
-sea levels
cliff profiles are influenced by? (2)
-resistance to erosion of rock
-dip of rock strata in relation to coastline
What’s horizontal dip?
-vertical profile with notches reflecting strata
What’s seaward dip, high angle?
-sloping, low angle profile with one rock layer facing sea
What’s seaward dip, low angle?
-profile may exceed 90 degrees producing areas of overhanging rock
Whats land-ward dip?
-steep profiles of 70-80 degrees producing very stable cliff with reduced rock falls
what is a fault?
-major fractures in rocks produced by tectonic forces and involving the displacement of rocks on either side or fault line
what is a joint?
-fracture caused by contraction or earths movements
what are bedding planes?
-breaks in strata
what are folds?
-pressures causes rocks to crumble
what is deformation?
-how much they have been folding
what is a dip?
-the direction in which strata lays
