8.2 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND LANDSCAPE

Question 1

what is morphology?

Answer 1

-the shape of the landscape and its features

Question 2

whats a submergent coast?

Answer 2

-where sea levels are rising and flooding land

Question 3

whats an emergent coast?

Answer 3

-where sea levels fall through the uplift of land

Question 4

how are primary coasts created?

Answer 4

-from land-based processes

Question 5

how are secondary coasts formed?

Answer 5

-through marine-based processes

Question 6

how can sediment form?

Answer 6

-from cliffs breaking down
-from tides and waves
-deposition from river processes

Question 7

what is strata?

Answer 7

-different layers of rock within an area and how they relate to each other

Question 8

what is deformation?

Answer 8

-the degree to which rock units have been deformed by tectonic activity

Question 9

what is faulting?

Answer 9

-the presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions

Question 10

what is a concordant coastline?

Answer 10

-generated when rock strata run parallel to the coastline

Question 11

what is a discordant coastline? (3)

Answer 11

-form when different rock strata intersect the coast at angle
-less resistant rock are eroded to form bays
-creates elongated bays

Question 12

what are discordant coastlines dominated by?

Answer 12

-headlands and bays

Question 13

what is an example of a discordant coastline?

Answer 13

-West Cork in Ireland
-rock strata meet the coast at 90 degrees in parallel bands

Question 14

what is wave refraction?

Answer 14

-concentrating powerful waves at headlands to reduce erosion

Question 15

example of a concordant coastline?

Answer 15

-lulworth, dorset
-strata run parallel to coast

Question 16

what is a recession?

Answer 16

-continuing landward movement of shoreline, caused by human + physical factors

Question 17

what is recession influenced by? (6)

Answer 17

-rock type
-mass movement
-weathering
-wave energy
-human activity
-sea levels

Question 18

cliff profiles are influenced by? (2)

Answer 18

-resistance to erosion of rock
-dip of rock strata in relation to coastline

Question 19

What’s horizontal dip?

Answer 19

-vertical profile with notches reflecting strata

Question 20

What’s seaward dip, high angle?

Answer 20

-sloping, low angle profile with one rock layer facing sea

Question 21

What’s seaward dip, low angle?

Answer 21

-profile may exceed 90 degrees producing areas of overhanging rock

Question 22

Whats land-ward dip?

Answer 22

-steep profiles of 70-80 degrees producing very stable cliff with reduced rock falls

Question 23

what is a fault?

Answer 23

-major fractures in rocks produced by tectonic forces and involving the displacement of rocks on either side or fault line

Question 24

what is a joint?

Answer 24

-fracture caused by contraction or earths movements

Question 25

what are bedding planes?

Answer 25

-breaks in strata

Question 26

what are folds?

Answer 26

-pressures causes rocks to crumble

Question 27

what is deformation?

Answer 27

-how much they have been folding

Question 28

what is a dip?

Answer 28

-the direction in which strata lays