8.2 Black Start Definitions & Procurement Flashcards
How does PJM define a black start resource?
- can start w/o outside electrical supply
- demonstrated ability to automatically remain operating, at reduced levels, when disconnected from the grid
How soon does a GOP with blackstart resource have to notify TO of changes to capability? (NERC)
w/in 24 hours
How often must blackstart resources be tested per NERC?
At least once every 3 calendar years
What are the training requirements for personnel responsible for startup of blackstart units? (NERC)
Minimum 2 hours of training every 2 calendar years
PJM requires a critical black start unit must be able to close its output breaker to a dead bus within ____ hours of request from TO or PJM
3 hours
How often does PJM require testing of blackstart units (different than NERC requirement)
Annually
How long does PJM require the black start unit has the ability to run?
16 hours
or as defined by TO restoration plan
What comprises the minimum critical black start requirement for each transmission zone?
- Critical cranking power load
- Off site nuclear station light & power (to maintain safe shutdown)
- Critical natural gas infrastructure (i.e. electric compressors)
What is critical load comprised of?
- Cranking power for generating units with hot start time of 4 hours or less
- Off-site nuclear station light & power
- Gas infrastructure
What is priority load comprised of?
- Cranking power to generation > 4 hour start up time
- Power to electric infrastructure ( substations etc)
- Critical comms equipment
- Critical command and control facilities
- Underfrequency load shed circuits
What is the amount of black start resource required in a given transmission zone?
110% of critical load requirement
What is the minimum number of black start units that PJM will allocate to each transmission zone with a critical load requirement?
2
What is cross zonal coordination used for?
When a blackstart resource from a different TO zone is used for a TO’s critical load requirements
Describe Level 1 CZC
Using outside blackstart resources to meet critical load requirements. Both supplier and receiver document cranking path to respective border.
Describe Level 2 CZC
Supplying black start generation to critical and/or customer load pockets across TO zones.
Both TO’s will document coordination in their restoration plans.
