8.2 and 8.3 Glossary Flashcards
Chemiosmosis
The coupling of electron transport to atp synthesis
Electron tomography
Method used to generate a 3D image of the inner mitochondrial membrane
ETC
Group of proteins that accept and donate electrons in a series
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway that breaks down sugar (glucose) into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
Link reaction
‘Oxidative decarboxylation’ reaction that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Occurs between Krebs and glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
final part of aerobic respiration; ADP is phosphorylated to produce ATP, using energy from the oxidation of acetyl groups in the krebs cycle
Cristae
Invaginations in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Hydrogen carrier
substances that accept and donate electrons as and when necessary, often linking oxidation and reduction reactions in cells.
Substrate level phosphorylation
When a molecule such as glucose in phosphorylated by ATP. The energy comes from ATP rather than oxidation of hydrogen carriers
Calvin cycle
The use of ATP and reduced NADP in the stroma to regenerate RuBP and produce carbohydrates in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Photoactivation
The production of energetic electrons in the reaction centres of photosystems (chlorophyll) through the absorption of light
Photophosphorylation
Production of ATP using energy from sunlight
PSI
Type of photosystem that can use excited electrons to reduce NADP+
PSII
First photosystem in the light independent reactions - uses electrons from photolysis and produces ATP
Carbon fixation
incorporation of inorganic CO2 into an organic molecule
Stroma
Chemical medium between the inner chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane
Photosystems
integral light-harvesting array of chlorophyll and accessory pigments used in light dependent reactions located in thylakoid membranes
Cell repsiration
Controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP
ATP
Nucleotide that releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolysed. This is the form in which energy is released in the respiration process and stored in a reusable form
Metabolic pathways
A series of enzymatic reactions that converts one biological matter into another
Oxygen debt
The demand of oxygen that builds up during a period of anaerobic respiration
Respirometer measurements measured in
mm/sec
Chromatography
Method of separating an identifying the contents of a complex mixture by differential movement through a two phase system
Absorption spectrum
Range of wavelengths a pigment is able to absorb
Limiting factors
An environmental factor, like CO2 conc that controls the process of photosynthesis.
Action spectrum
Range of wavelengths of light in which photosynthesis occurs
Photosynthesis
The production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy
TLC strips
thin layer chromatography using a plastic strip, coated with a thin layer of porous material
Rf value
Retardation factor value - calculated to determine the identity of a material
