8.2

Question 1

Give examples of external agents of change.

Answer 1

Government policies,
The decisions of multinational corporations,
The impacts of international or global institutions (eg world bank)

Question 2

Give an example and impact of government policies (an external agent of change) on place.

Answer 2

Regeneration schemes and financial incentives for industries eg subsides, tax breaks.

These can attract businesses to places and stimulate the multiplier effect.

Question 3

Give an example of ‘the decisions of multinational corporations’ (an external agent of change) on place.

Answer 3

In 2010, Mondelēz International closed the Cadbury factory near Bristol and moved production to Poland.

The impact was job losses see for employees, and the factory was converted into houses.

Question 4

Give an example and impact of ‘the impacts of international / global institutions’ (an external agent of change) on a place.

Answer 4

In 2015 the world bank was running 15 development projects in Haiti.

The impact was the post-earthquake reconstruction of both homes and communities.

Question 5

Give examples of factors of how the characteristics of places can be shaped.

Answer 5

People, resources, money, investment.