8.1

Question 1

What are the three aspects of place?

Answer 1

Location, locale, sense of place.

Question 2

What is location?

Answer 2

Where a place is, eg coordinates on a map.

Question 3

What is locale?

Answer 3

Where something happens or is set, or that has particular events associated with it

Question 4

What is sense of place?

Answer 4

The subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. People develop a sense of place through experiences and knowledge of a particular area.

Question 5

What are the three main approaches of place?

Answer 5

The descriptive approach
The social constructionist approach
The phenomenological approach

Question 6

Outline the descriptive approach.

Answer 6

The idea that the world is a set of places. And each place can be studied and is distinct.

Question 7

Outline the social constructionist approach.

Answer 7

Place is a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time.

Eg Trafalgar Square was built to commemorate a British naval victory in the 1800s, thus being understood as a place of empire and colonialism.

Question 8

Outline the phenomenological approach.

Answer 8

How the individual experiences place, the highly personal relationship between place and a person.

Yi-Fu Tuan developed the term ‘topophilia’ to describe the affective bond between people and place and argued that it is human perception and experience how we get to know places.

Question 9

The importance of place can be explored by looking at its impact on three aspects…

Answer 9

Identity, belonging and well-being.

Question 10

Identity can be evident at a number of scales which are…

Answer 10

Localism, regionalism, nationalism

Question 11

Identity can be evident at ‘localism’. Outline this.

Answer 11

Localism : an affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place.
Can be demonstrated by NIMBYism (which occurs when people are reluctant to have their local area affected by development.

Question 12

Identity of palace can be identified at ‘regionalism’. Outline this.

Answer 12

Consciousness of, and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shares similarities.

Question 13

Identity of a place can be identified at ‘nationalism’

Answer 13

Nationalism : loyalty and devotion to a nation, which creates a sense of national consciousness.

Question 14

Historically, why have people identified more with their local place?

Answer 14

Because they have a greater knowledge of this area and people.

Question 15

Most people identify with place at a national level. This is usually strengthened by…?

Answer 15

A common language, national anthem, flag and through cultural or sporting events.

Question 16

Why do people argue that place has become less important?

Answer 16

Some argue that globalisation has made place less important as the forces of global capitalism have eroded local cultures and produced homogenised places.

Eg seeing Starbucks on high streets all over the world.

Question 17

Define clone town.

Answer 17

Settlements where the high street is dominated by chain stores. This is also called placelessness.

Question 18

Define glocalisation.

Answer 18

Multinational companies are increasingly hovering to adapt to the local market place.

Eg the number of McCafes has increased in countries with a coffee culture.

Question 19

In the context of place, what does belonging mean?

Answer 19

To be part of the community.

This is increasingly being seen as one of the key factors making a place sustainable and successful.

Question 20

What can affect the sense of belonging to a place?

Answer 20

Factors such gender, age, sexuality, socio-economic status, religion and level of education.

Question 21

Relating to being inside / outside a place, what did Relph say?

Answer 21

‘To be inside a place is to belong to it and identify with it, and the more profoundly inside you are, the stronger is the identity with the place’.

Question 22

Define NIMBYism.

Answer 22

‘Not in my backyard’.

Local opposition to developments eg new housing estates or wind farms.

Question 23

Relating to being in / out of place, what did Tim Cresswell argue?

Answer 23

People, things and practices are often strongly linked to particular places, and when these links are broken, or when people have acted out of place, they are deemed to have committed something of a crime.

Question 24

Define positionality.

Answer 24

Factors (eg gender, race, age) which influence how we perceive different place.

Question 25

What is place attachment? When does it develop?

Answer 25

Place attachment develops through +ve associated with a place, but not everyone has the same experiences (and these experiences change as we get older).

Question 26

Outline ‘near places’.

Answer 26

This could be a geographically near place (eg Leeds).

Equally, this could describe a strong emotional connection with a place and how comfortable a person feels there (eg house in Spain).

Question 27

Outline ‘far places’.

Answer 27

Could be geographically far places (eg Aus)

Or a weak emotional connection with a particular place, or where you feel uncomfortable within that place.

Question 28

Why can far places actually feel comfortable?

Answer 28

Because in these days of globalised culture, travel and media, geographically far-off places are not automatically strange, uncomfortable or different.

Question 29

What are experienced places?

Answer 29

Those places that a person has actually visited and spent time in.

Question 30

What are media places?

Answer 30

Those that the person has read about or seen on film.

Question 31

Define ‘character’ of place.

Answer 31

The physical and human features that help to distinguish it from another place.

The character may be linked strongly to the natural environment but it is more a combination of natural and cultural features in the landscape, and the people who occupy the place.

Question 32

What are exogenous factors?

Answer 32

The relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this.

The demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money investment.

Question 33

What are endogenous factors?

Answer 33

The characteristics of the place itself, or factors which have originated internally.

Eg location, physical geography, land use, population size, employment rates.