8.2 Flashcards
Where has literacy rate increased for women?
- Eritrea, Bolivia and Sudan have seen an increase in adult female literacy.
- This is due to more women being able to access education, which takes place as more modern social norms are accepted, or as a country becomes more developed.
Is there any correlation between government expenditure and changes in female literacy rates?
Despite a correlation in Bolivia, I believe that government expenditure into the improvement of education may not impact female literacy rate if females’ accesses still restricted.
What % of GDP did UNESCO say should be allocated to education?
4-6%
What is the purpose of investing into education?
Aims to develop the future workforce of a countrt
What countries have fallen short of the UNESCO’s recommend allocation of GDP to education?
Central African Republic, Guinea and Sudan all have fallen massively short of this recommendation, leading to a reduced quality of the future workforce in these countries.
How has human development varied in Africa - with reference to reasons why?
- Many African Countries have had their international debts cancelled in 2005. This means they can have more funding to invest in the healthcare sector.
- The DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) is one of the poorest countries. In addition, it has been in constant war since 1998, leading to a low life expectancy.
- Algeria has changed considerably in the last 30 years, with a birth increase by 26.6 years, as well as the number of years of schooling increasing by 4.5 years.
What is the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)?
Group of 35 nations from the developed world, which aim to promote policies to improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.
What information did OECD find regarding life expectancy?
They carried out research on changing life expectancy on its member countries between 1985 and 2010 and identified a steady rise in health spending as a key factor in improving the average life expectancy of OECD countries
Give examples of life expectancy rates in developed countries?
- 70.5 years in Russia
- 83.7 years in Japan
What are different factors that affect life expectancy?
Diet
Lifestyle
Relative deprivation
Access to medical care
- Study in Japan (80,000) suggested balanced diet, medical treatment and staying active are key factors to a longer life expectancy.
What is the correlation between expenditure on health care and life expectancy?
- more investment into health care sector will lead to increases levels of care being available.
- this can be seen in Switzerland (life expectancy of 83 years) have the highest expenditure at $9,673 per capita, whereas Russia (life expectancy of 70.5 years) spend $893 per capita.
Describe variation of life expectancy in the UK (geographically)
Liverpool (78)
Kesgrave (82)
- This could be due to differences in living environment. Kesgrave was the highest-ranked place to live in England, while Liverpool has experienced economic decline and deprivation.
Describe variation of life expectancy in the UK (each gender)
Life expectancy can vary in men and women, with men in Liverpool living to 78 and women to 80. This is suggested to be down to the different types of employment each sex is more common in, with men usually involved in more physically demanding work.
What are differences in life expectancy across the UK? (By county)
2018 (average)
Dorset - 83.8 years for men and 86.6 for women.
Glasgow city - 73.2 years (-10) for men and 78.3 (-8) for women.
Lifestyle impacts life expectancy with indicators such as % of regular smokers, % of males involved in heavy industry as well as spending on health care.
What are differences in life expectancy by ethnic group?
Due to a range of factors, Australian, Aborigional people have a lower than average life expectancy compared to non-indigenous Australians including: high rates of deprivation, chronic diseases and injury, lower levels of education and employment and social disadvantages.
