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Topic 8 - Health Human Rights and Intervention (HHR&I) > 8.1 > Flashcards

8.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does development refer to?

A
  • Change for the better
  • Economic development usually leads to improvement in quality of life.
  • May include industrialisation, urbanisation and increasing standards of living in terms of health, education and housing.
  • IDEA OF PROGRESS
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2
Q

What are 6 traditional measures of development?

A
  • Gross domestic product (GDP)
  • GDP per capita
  • GDP per capita (PPP based)
  • Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
  • Human development index (HDI)
  • Gini coefficient
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3
Q

What is the Gross domestic product (GDP)?

A

The monetary value of the goods and services a country sells.

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4
Q

What is GDP per capita?

A

GDP divided by the population in the country.

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5
Q

What is GDP per capita (PPP based)

A

GDP considering the worth of money of ‘purchasing power parity’.

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6
Q

What is Gross National Income (GNI) per capita?

A

The total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses. This includes overseas sources.

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7
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human development index measures life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators.

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8
Q

What is the Gini coefficient?

A

Represents the income inequality or the wealth inequality within a nation.

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9
Q

What are 3 alternative measures of development?

A
  • Happy Planet Index
  • The World Happiness Index
  • The Freedom Index
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10
Q

What is the Happy Planet Index?

A

Index of human well-being and ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, as well as life expectancy

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11
Q

What is the World Happiness Index?

A

A landmark survey of the state of global happiness that ranks 156 countries by how happy their citizens perceive themselves to be.

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12
Q

What is the Freedom Index?

A

Considers political rights, civil liberties and freedom status. In 2016 the Middle East and North America (MENA) region had the least freedom, with 72% of the counties ‘not free’, followed by Eurasia (58% not free) and Sub-Saharan Africa (41% not free). The ‘best’ area was Europe (86% free) and so it isn’t surprised that many asylum-seekers from Africa and Asia migrate to Europe for sanctuary.

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13
Q

What is the relationship between life expectancy and GDP per capita?

A

It is suggested that there is a positive correlation, as, when GDP per capita increases, life expectancy also increases. This suggests that the amount of money people have, the better healthcare they can access, leading to a longer life expectancy.

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14
Q

Discuss whether social or economic development are more important

A

Equally as important as the encourage the other. Government investments can be used to increase the social standards of an area. This will lead to social development. This will lead to more people being healthier and able to work, as they are in better health. The implementation of human rights will also encourage an area to function more efficiently. This means there is a more committed workforce, allowing for economic development.

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15
Q

What is Sharia law?

A

Extremist law adopted by some of the Islamic Faith. It covers a wide range of topics from public and private behaviour to private beliefs.

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16
Q

What are examples of Sharia Law rules?

A
  • Theft is punishable by the amputation of the right hand.
  • A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death.
  • A woman can have one husband, but a man can have up to four wives.
  • A man can beat his wife for insubordination.
  • A woman cannot drive a car.
  • A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative.
17
Q

What is the problem with Sharia Law?

A
  • Extremist view
  • Goes against UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
  • Could be a danger if implemented as a parallel legal system
18
Q

What is a key difference between Sharia Law and governance in different countries?

A

In most ‘western’ countries, the National government are separated from religion (including church and morality).

19
Q

What countries have adopted Sharia Law.

A
  • Qatar
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE (United Arab Emirates)
20
Q

What was Bolivia’s development strategy since 2006?

A

Bolivia’s first indigeous president - Mr Evo Morales attempted to increase the awareness of the environment - in order to ‘vivir bien’.

He suggested that Mother Nature made everything interconnected.

21
Q

How did Bolivia aim to operationalise their development strategy?

A
  • Emphasis on conservation, controls on industry and pollution to protect nature and indigenous groups from mega-infrastructure projects.
  • Using renewable and efficient energy, reduction in GHGs, investment in ecological practices.
  • Accountability for pollution and degradation of the environment.
22
Q

What challenges did Bolivia’s development strategy encounter?

A
  • Bolivia’s economy was dependent on mining exports and attracting foreign direct investment.
23
Q

What allowed Bolivia’s president - Mr Morales to success?

A
  • His concern for the environment
  • His humble beginnings as a cocoa farmer, anti-colonialism and anti-imperialist rhetoric
  • His decision to nationalise natural gas and mineral resources.
24
Q

Why does education play an important role?

A
  • Education is central to economic development
  • Skilled workforce for employment
  • Cultural appreciation
  • Democratic participation
  • Assertion of human rights
25
Q

What is human capital?

A

The knowledge, assets or skills a person can bring to an organisation

26
Q

Why is education vital for developing human capital?

A
  • Developing a need for basic hygiene and healthcare
  • To know their rights in the 21st Century
  • Ways to control their family size
  • How to become more involved in decision making.
27
Q

What is the impact of education on family size?

A

Education can delay the years in which women decide to start a family as they are working. As a result, it is a method to control family size.

28
Q

How accessible is education to primary school children?

A

It is estimated that 60 million children of primary school age do not have access to basic education.

Most of these are likely to be girls.

29
Q

What role does education play in gender equality?

A

Education can also encourage gender equality, as it provides opportunities for women and can be a diver for development as a whole.

Topic 8 - Health Human Rights and Intervention (HHR&I) (3 decks)

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