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Physiology and Anatomy > 81-125 > Flashcards

81-125 Flashcards

1
Q

Embolism

A

The blockade of a vessel by an air bubble or a blood clot.

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2
Q

Endocrine communication

A

When the signal uses the bloodstream as a channel to reach the target cell.

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3
Q

Endocytosis

A

Occurs when the substance enters the cell by membrane invagination to form an internal vesicle.

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4
Q

Endothelium

A

A single cell layer forming the internal lining of blood vessels

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5
Q

Eosinophil granulocyte

A

White blood cells containing vesicles stained by eosin (acidic stain).

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6
Q

Equilibrium

A

The lowest energy-state of a system that may result from opposing forces arising from within the system.

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7
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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8
Q

Evans blue

A

A blue stain that cannot penetrate the capillary wall, and is used for measuring og the blood volume.

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9
Q

Exocytosis

A

Transport of a substance stored in internal vesicles from the cell to the surroundings by fusion of the vesicle with the cell membrane.

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10
Q

Expirational reserve volume

A

The additional volume that can be expired at the end of a normal expiration.

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11
Q

Extrasystole

A

The excitation and contraction of the heart which does not correspond to the sinus rhythm.

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12
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The passive transport of a molecule across a membrane along the concentration gradient. It does not use energy, but requires a transporter.

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13
Q

Facilitation

A

The temporal increase of synaptic efficiency due to preceding activation of that synapse.

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14
Q

FAD

A

Flavin-adenin-dinucleotid, a co-enzyme.

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15
Q

Fibrillation

A

Asynchronous, disorganized contraction of individual muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles in the heart.

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16
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Protein components of the blood plasma: the polymerization to fibrin is the most important step of blood coagulation.

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17
Q

Filament

A

A thin fiber made up of proteins; sliding of actin and myosin filaments on each other explains muscle contraction.

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18
Q

Filtration

A

The movement of water and small molecules through a membrane (capillary wall) because of the pressure difference.

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19
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

A model that states that biological membranes are built up of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules van easily move (float) in the horizontal direction.

20
Q

Fructose

A

Ketohexose found in honey and many fruits.

21
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

The volume of air remaining in the lounge at the end of normal expiration.

22
Q

Functional syncytium

A

heart muscle cells which form a functional unit because of the electrical synapses between them.

23
Q

Globulin

A

A protein molecule that has a spherical tertiary structure. Eks. hemoglobin.

24
Q

Glucose

A

An aldohexose, the cells primary metabolic fuel; blood sugar.

25
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched glucose polymer found in animals.

26
Q

Glycolipid

A

A lipid containing carbohydrate groups.

27
Q

Glycoprotein

A

a protein containing carbohydrate groups.

28
Q

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation

A

An approximate description of the resting membrane potential, based on the concentration and permeability of the three most important diffusible ions (Na^+, K^+, Cl^-)

29
Q

G-protein

A

A GTP-binding protein at the inner surface of plasma membranes. It plays a critical role in signal transduction.

30
Q

Granulocyte

A

White blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules who’s staining is used to differentiate between the three basic types: neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil.

31
Q

GTP

A

Guanosine truphosphate, an energy-rich nucleotide like ATP

32
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by blood cells. In humans its usually between 40 and 50%.

33
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance og the relative internal stability by physiological control systems.

34
Q

Hydration

A

Occurs when water molecules surround polar molecules and ions shielding off their charges and ensuring that they remain in the solution.

35
Q

Hydrogen-bonds

A

Weak interaction between an H-atom bound to a highly electronegative atom (O, N) in a molecule and another highly electronegative atom in the same or a different molecule.

36
Q

Hydrophilic (lipophobic)

A

A polar or charged molecule that is able to interact with water molecules. It can be dissolved in water.

37
Q

Hydrophobic (lipophiliv)

A

A non-polar molecule which is unable to interact with water molecules. It is insolvable in water.

38
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Hyperventilation - increased lung ventilation.

39
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

A shift of the resting membrane potential toward more negative values.

40
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased lung ventilation. Also referred to as hyperpnea.

41
Q

Hypopolarization

A

A shift of the resting membrane potential towards less negative values.

42
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

An alternative name for antibody.

43
Q

Inspirational reserve volume

A

The additional volume that can be inspired at the end of normal inspiration.

44
Q

Internode

A

The space alone a myelinated axon that is covered by a myelinating glial cell.

45
Q

Interstitial space

A

A tissue space between cells.

Physiology and Anatomy (6 decks)

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