41-80

Question 1

Chlorid plexus

Answer 1

Glomeruli of blood vessels protruding into the brain ventricles. They are covered in glial cells and they secrete liquor (cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 2

Cis and trans position

Answer 2

On the same or on the opposite side. E.g. the two possibilities for the continuation of the lipid chain at the two ends on a double bond in an unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 3

CoA, Co-enzyme A

Answer 3

A co-enzyme built around the adenine nucleotide.

Question 4

Collagen

Answer 4

a protein and main component of the collagen fibers

Question 5

Collateral processes

Answer 5

Branches of an axon terminating in locations other than the major target location.

Question 6

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 6

osmotic pressure generated by blood proteins unable to penetrate through the capillary wall.

Question 7

Co-localization

Answer 7

The simultaneous presence of two transmitters or a transmitter and a neuromodulator in the same synaptic vesicle.

Question 8

Compartmentalization

Answer 8

the division of spase with limited surfaces into subspaces with limited exchange of materials. E.g. cytoplasm.

Question 9

Compensatory pause

Answer 9

A longer than normal pause between two heart beats following an extrasystole.

Question 10

Competitive inhibition

Answer 10

Reversible inhibition caused by a molecule that can bind to the same active site of an enzyme, receptor or transporter as the inhibited molecule.

Question 11

Complement system

Answer 11

Protein molecules responsible for the elimination of the antigen-antibody complex.

Question 12

Concentration gradient

Answer 12

Change in the concentration of a substance depending on distance (dc/dx).

Question 13

Conductance

Answer 13

Reciprocal value of the resistance.

Question 14

Conformational change

Answer 14

Transient, reversible change in the spatial structure of a protein molecule.

Question 15

Contractility

Answer 15

Ability for shortening

Question 16

Convection

Answer 16

Bulk flow, movement of a substance caused by pressure differences.

Question 17

Covalent bonds

Answer 17

The strongest bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared on common molecular orbits.

Question 18

Decremental transmission

Answer 18

Electrical signal transmission in which signals are conducted with exponentially decreasing amplitude in space.

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

Usually irreversible change in the conformation of protein molecules.

Question 20

Dendrite

Answer 20

Fine process of a neuron that typically provide the main receptive area for synaptic inputs from other neurons.

Question 21

Depolarization

Answer 21

Smooth muscle cells in small arteries depolarize and contract in response to increased intravascular pressure.

Question 22

Depressor area (center)

Answer 22

A collection of neurons in the brain that decreases blood pressure by (1) inhibiting of the pressor area and by (2) the excitation of the vagal efferents running into the heart.

Question 23

Diaphragm

Answer 23

A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals.

Question 24

Diastole

Answer 24

The phase in the heartbeat during which the myocardium is relaxed and the ventricles are filling with blood.

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Random thermal movement of atoms, molecules and ions from sites with higher concentration toward sites with lower concentration.

Question 26

Dipole

Answer 26

A molecule having separate regions of net negative and net positive charge.

Question 27

Disaccharides

Answer 27

A double sugar molecule formed by two single sugars.

Question 28

Disulfide linkage

Answer 28

A bond between tro sulfide groups (side chains of cystein amino acids) determining the structure of proteins.

Question 29

Donnan equilibrium

Answer 29

An electrochemical equilibrium that develops when two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, only permeable to some ions in the solution.

Question 30

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 30

A collection of somata of primary sensory neurons on the nerve trunk entering the spinal cord on the dorsal surface.

Question 31

Dyspnea

Answer 31

Labored, difficult breathing

Question 32

Edema

Answer 32

Accumulation og fluid in the intestinal space.

Question 33

Effector protein

Answer 33

Protein transmitting the effect of G-protein activation in the cell.

Question 34

Einthoven leads

Answer 34

Standard way of electrode positioning for recording ECG in humans.

Question 35

Electrical synapse

Answer 35

Alternate name for gap junctions between excitable cells through which small molecules, thus ion carrying excitation can pass.

Question 36

Electrochemical potential

Answer 36

The combined effect og the electrical and concentration gradients on an ion.

Question 37

Electronegativity

Answer 37

A dimensionless number indicating the affinity of atoms of a given element to the electrons.

Question 38

Electrostatic interaction

Answer 38

Attraction between oppositely charged ions or parts of larger molecules.

Question 39

Electrotonic transmission

Answer 39

The altered state of a nerve during the passage of an electric current through it.

Question 40

Elimination

Answer 40

Inactivation of a signal molecule.