80's and 90's

Question 1

“Post modernism was an outgrowth of modernism just as modernism itself was an outgrow of the Enlightenment of the 19th Century”

Answer 1

-Phillip Tabb

Question 2

According to Charles Jencks, it celebrates hybridity, which showed the mixture of opposing periods as in past, present, and future.

Answer 2

Post Modernism

Question 3

It possessed multiple codes containing global technology and local culture of modern architectural elements with vernacular forms.

Answer 3

Post Modernism

Question 4

Modernism vs Postmodernism

Answer 4

Modernism concerns with principles such as identity, unity, authority, objective knowledge, authenticity, reason, and certainty.
Whereas Postmodernism, it associates itself with difference, plurality, non-linearity, relativism, mutability, skepticism, and social constructivism.

Question 5

instead of adapting exaggerated solar forms, postmodernism opt to adapt local vernacular forms and materials while still appropriating modernist elements and details (or departed completely, such for the example of deconstructivism)
While post modernism was seeking greater meaning and aesthetic, one quality that seemed to be missing is “authenticity”

Answer 5

1980’s

Question 6

An Architectural Theoretician, states that:
“Modern architecture is both inhumane and inherently anti-nature. Modern architecture, like modern science that enabled it, was understood to be the principal source of environmental degradation, not its cure.”

Answer 6

Steven Moore

Question 7

Constructed in 1962.

An icon and harbinger for post modernism that fully manifested in the 1980s.

Answer 7

Vanna Venturi house

Question 8

The design maintained axial symmetry and balance with the duality created by the bifurcated sheer facade.

Answer 8

Vanna Venturi house

Question 9

The Vanna Venturi house did provide a connection to the use of historic vernacular forms with integrated modernist details, which challenge modernist architect to open the door for a greening architecture especially at a residential scale.

Answer 9

Vanna Venturi house

Question 10

by Philip Johnson, which became immediately controversial largely because of its adorned ornamental top.

Answer 10

The AT&T Building

Question 11

Qualities of Green Architecture in Postmodernism
With Post Modernism expressing dissatisfaction with the vapid effects of modernity, the movement brought these “redeeming qualities” which are:

Answer 11

Pluralism
Complexity
Double Coding
Historical Contextualism
Hybridity

Question 12

Modernism’s reduced overly objective and singular levels of abstraction that could not capture the richness of diversity.

Answer 12

Pluralism

Question 13

Pluralism in Green Architecture allows multiple design agendas and elements of expression, grafting sustainable technologies into vernacular languages. It allows modern technologies, materials and details to be appropriated in postmodern and sustainable ways

Answer 13

Pluralism

Question 14

Modernism’s focus on efficiency, function, and simplicity reduced the expression of elaboration, variability, and scale.

Answer 14

Complexity

Question 15

Modernism stripped away modernism, symbolism, and reference through abstraction rather than conveying multiple levels of meaning, ambiguity, connotation, and simultaneous forms of expression.

Answer 15

Double Coding

Question 16

is the presence of tectonic hybridity in response to multivalent environmental phenomena, and the expression of eclectic architectural languages.

Answer 16

Double Coding

Question 17

Modernism supported the reduction and even elimination of local constituent architectural features in favor of ones that were universal and homogenized.

relates to the historical precedents, climatic conditions, and cultural characteristic of the place.

Answer 17

Contextualism:

Question 18

Modernism sought a universality and homogeneity of form and function, structure and technology, and materials and details.
In Green Architecture, _______certainly had relevance in the mixes of conventional and alternative technologies, local and universal materials, but also to the differing architectural languages.

Answer 18

Hybridity

Question 19

_____ was referred to as a process where the architectural heritage was prolonged and the integrity of character was maintained through carefully planned interventions.

Answer 19

Conservation

Question 20

This includes the identity, style, form, and materials of the building.

Answer 20

Conservation

Question 21

_____ was a more protective practice focused on the built environment especially with the historic significance.

Answer 21

Preservation

Question 22

In architecture, issues of integrity, authenticity, and accuracy were a challenge, especially with the need of new programs of use.

Answer 22

Preservation

Question 23

Started the Preservation Movement.
He advocated that these iconic wildernesses be preserved for future generations as part of that cultural heritage and quickly gained “ear of movers and shakers” at the time.

Answer 23

John Muir

Question 24

____ was less a specific practice and was more of a mode of thinking that gave significance to mutable interpretations to local contexts, historical periods, and geographical places.

Answer 24

Historicism

Question 25

Another dimension of ____ was the glorification of the moment into what was called “periodization”, which is the separation of works into distinct categories of time.

Answer 25

Historicism

Question 26

It is the practice of repurposing or recycling existing building with new functions and contemporary use.

Answer 26

Adaptive reuse

Question 27

Under conservation, these practices are inherent to the greening process. They are:

Answer 27

Restoration
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Upgrades and Densification

Question 28

____ focused on the retention of the most historic features of a particular time while allowing removal of materials from other periods.

Answer 28

Restoration

Question 29

____ emphasized the retentions and repairs of historic features including materials, finishes, spatial relationships ang character.

Answer 29

Rehabilitation

Question 30

____ establishes limited opportunities to reconstitute a building in new materials.

Answer 30

Reconstruction

Question 31

suggests that modernizing building to meet present construction standard.
This included upgrading to meet higher energy performance levels.

Answer 31

Upgrading and Densification

Question 32

considered an area of architectural theory that viewed buildings that were made by empirical methods without the interventions of professional architects.
This was to suggest that the design and construction evolved through an intuitive, instinctive, learned, and an accumulative intelligence gained by trial-and-error of making and shared time-tested experiences within a given locale.

Answer 32

Vernacular Architecture

Question 33

They promoted a sense of place, community, stewardship and security.

Answer 33

Postmodern Urbanism

Question 34

adapts pre-industrial forms of urban designs such as: Market Squares, City blocks, Narrow streets, Defined Neighborhoods and Villages.
These identifiable forms and metaphors suggests wholeness, homogeneity, and comprehensibility of a city.

Answer 34

Postmodern Urbanism

Question 35

Published by Leon Krier in the early 1980s.

Urban Design Manifesto is an outline set of critiques of modern urbanism.

Answer 35

Urban Design Manifesto

Question 36

Population growth by organic multiplication of livable, walkable urban increments rather than by mere addition and gross expansion at the edge.

Implementation of integrated zoning of activities rather than spatially separated “functional” zones.

Creation of tradition urban patterns, such as walkable urban blocks and streets, squares, and a mix of private and public buildings.

Reduction of automobile dependency, promotion of a pedestrian-scale environment, and walkable distances within the community.

Compact urban design with higher density using individual building blocks that also give structure to and definition for public spaces.

Answer 36

Principal Ideas of Urban Design Manifesto

Question 37

History, culture, climate, customs, geography and physical context gave specific characteristics and meanings to a region, including the love a particular locale or setting.

Answer 37

Regionalism

Question 38

It sought to mediate the spectrum between the universal characteristics of a civilization and the particularities of a place.
It arose in response to placelessness and the lack of meaning in the modern environment.
There was a confluence of authentic, climatic, and regional characteristics with the needs of contemporary culture and the modern means.

Answer 38

Critical Regionalism

Question 39

Its development in architecture was characterized by fragmentation, distortion, dislocation of architectural elements and interest on skin or surface.

Answer 39

Deconstructivism

Question 40

It sought unpredictability, confrontation, disconnection, and to some degree of chaos, post modern green that blends regional context and contemporary programs to the lineage of vernacular forms.

Answer 40

Deconstructivism

Question 41

Architects that emerged from Deconstructivist Movement

Answer 41

Zaha Hadid

Frank Gehry

Question 42

meant beauty in tectonic form, high craft and attention to detail.

science and art were combined and elevated

Answer 42

High-tech architecture

Question 43

Low-E Glass Characteristics:

Answer 43

Open Plan
Honest articulation of Structure on the Exterior and Integral to the facade
Expressing rather than hiding the Mechanical Services and Equipment.
Establishing geometric order rather than symbolic references.

Question 44

“to martial courage”

Answer 44

Virtus