8. Urban Flashcards
Knowledge of characteristics of land use zones
CBD Inner city Older & more recent residential & industrial zones Green Belt Dormitory settlements Greenfield sites Brownfield sites
Urban Land Use Models
Concentric Zone Sector Multiple Nuclei Mann's models Understanding of link between urban location & land use, particularly cost of land & influence of transport links
Case study - Glasgow
Original site & situations Reasons for growth of city Subsequent industrial growth & decline Changes to CBD & Inner City Transport problems & solutions Recent regeneration - Glasgow Waterfront scheme
Urban O.S. map work
Identify & compare different urban land use zones, especially CBD
Comparison of different residential environments
For a named city which you have studied in the Developed World, explain the ways in which its site and situation contributed to its growth.
Answers which mention only site or situation will
be awarded a maximum of 4 marks out of 6.
Answers which do not refer to a specific city, but rather a generalised set of factors, will be awarded a maximum of 3 marks out of 6.
Answers will vary according to the city studied but may include reference to:
Site Flat land. Inside a large river meander. Early functions eg religious, defensive, trading site. Raw materials. Lowest bridging point.
Situation Easily accessible to major settlements. Accessible to ports. Major route focus. Accessible to airports.
With reference to any Developed World City you have studied, describe and explain the land use changes in recent years in either the Central Business District (CBD) or the inner city.
Credit should be given to specific named examples within the chosen city.
Answers will vary according to the city studied but for the inner city changes might include:
Description of the changes:
Population reduced as people moved out of the area.
Redevelopment of housing and the area.
Construction of council houses and flats on cleared areas of the old inner city.
Demolition of some terraces, improvements to others (indoor toilets etc).
Environmental improvements e.g. parks, community centres, leisure centres.
Relocation of industry and the closure of industry.
Changes in the ethnicity of residents.
Explanation of the changes:
Area was overcrowded.
Housing was in a very poor condition and amenities were poor.
High levels of unemployment, poverty and social problems such as crime.
The environment was very poor and inward investment was difficult to attract.
Industry declined as manufacturing moved to countries with lower labour costs.
Industry has moved to modernised areas on the edge of the city in new custom-built units.
Congested traffic and air pollution put off potential investors.
Movement out to the suburbs due to the desire for a better quality environment.
For a named city which you have studied in the Developed World, explain the ways in which its site and situation contributed to its growth.
Site
• Flat land which is easy to build on.
• Inside a large river meander for defensive purposes.
• Early functions eg religious, defensive, trading sites.
• Bridging point on a river increases access.
• Raw materials e.g. coalfields attracting industry.
Situation
• Easily accessible to major settlements.
• Accessible to ports encouraging trade to US if Glasgow is discussed.
• Major route focus.
• Accessible to airports for growth of modern trade.
For Glasgow, or any named developed world city you have studied, describe and explain schemes which have been introduced to reduce problems of traffic management in the Central Business District.
Answers may include:
• Use of roundabouts to improve flow.
• Pedestrianised areas in the centre to create traffic free areas.
• Park and ride schemes to encourage use of public transport.
• One way systems improve flow of traffic.
• Parking restrictions and fines to reduce on
street parking, so widen streets.
• Multi-storey car parks to take parked cars off streets, widening them.
• Bus lanes to speed up public transport, making it more effective.
• Improved public transport e.g. extending subway network/trams to attract more people to use them.
• New links to motorway extensions to bypass congested area removing unnecessary traffic from narrow road
Out-of-town shopping centres which tend to be located on the edge of cities at the “urban-rural fringe” are becoming increasingly more common. Give reasons for the changes.
These changes are largely due to:
* Shoppers having greater mobility due to
improvements in transport.
* Shoppers wanting somewhere to park the car.
* Shoppers preferring to do all their shopping under
one roof.
* Buying in bulk.
* Because more women are now at work, late night
shopping is becoming increasingly popular.
* Often creche facilities for infants are provided.
* Sometimes leisure facilities are found here, e.g. ice-rink (think of Braehead, Glasgow).
In Paris in the last 25 years a large number of suburban shopping centres and hypermarkets have been built. They have located along main roads at the edge of Paris where access is easy and land is cheap. In the last few years however, their growth has slowed down. They are blamed for adding to the urban sprawl and the authorities now wish to encourage people to shop in the city itself.
Out-of-town shopping centres which tend to be located on the edge of cities at the “urban-rural fringe” are becoming increasingly more common. Give advantages for these centres.
- Land prices are less on the outskirts of the city than in the CBD.
- Plenty of room for expansion if needed, whereas in the CBD land is very limited.
- Tend to be near to by-passes, motorways or main roads, giving easy access for customers and for delivery lorries.
- Near to suburbs and dormitory towns for customers and workforce.
- Pleasant semi-rural environment away from the congestion of the CBD.
Out-of-town shopping centres which tend to be located on the edge of cities at the “urban-rural fringe” are becoming increasingly more common. Give disadvantages for these centres.
- They often use up valuable farmland.
- Changes the nature of the countryside.
- Can encroach upon small rural villages spoiling their character.
- They take custom away from the CBD and this can cause businesses in the city centre to close.
