8 - Unravelling Immune Regulation Flashcards
1
Q
Immune regulation
A
- The ability of the immune system to distinguish between self antigens and non self antigens, and between harmful and innocuous foreign antigens
- Critical to maintenance of immune homeostasis
2
Q
Tolerance
A
Ensures that self-reactive T cells do not cause autoimmunity
3
Q
Activation
A
- Generation of effector T cells to combat malignancy
- Resolution of acute viral infections
4
Q
Classification of dendritic cells
A
- Specialised functions
- Cross presentation
- Surface markers
5
Q
Types of DCs
A
- Circulating
- Lympoid resident
- Migratory
6
Q
Types of antigen presentation
A
- Direct
- Cross presentation
- Cross dressing
7
Q
Transplantable models (melanoma)
A
- Can dye melanoma cells red for microscopy
- Knock out tyrosinase which is essential in production of melanin
- Melanin is light absorbing, which interrupts with ability to observe red colour for microscopy
8
Q
Example of mouse model
A
gBT.I
9
Q
Melanoma progression
A
- Stage 0: Confined to epidermis
- Stage 1
- Stage 2: Vertical growth
- Stage 3: Lymph node spread
- Stage 4: Metastasis
10
Q
Dendritic cell harvesting
A
- Epicutaneous inoculation
- Harvest tumour draining lymph node
- Isolate different DCs
- Flow cytometric sort into pure populations
- Measure proliferation
11
Q
XCR1
A
First marker that can translate from mice to human DCs
12
Q
Three outcomes of transferring activated T cells into an individual
A
- Elimination
- Immune mediated equilibrium
- Escape of tumour
13
Q
Flt3L
A
- Dendritic cell growth factor
- Preferentially expands XCR1+ DCs
- XCR1+ DCs specialize in cross presentation
- Promotes CD8+ T cell responses
14
Q
Limited understanding of immune equilibrium
A
- Difficult to study in humans
- Few mouse models
15
Q
Trm
A
- Tissue resident memory T cells
- Protect from melanoma challenge by promoting an immune equilibrium
