8: Tectonic and Volcanic Landforms

Question 1

surface forms of the Earth’s crust

Answer 1

landforms

Question 2

study of the processes which produce these

features

Answer 2

geomorphology

Question 3

formed by volcanic and tectonic activity

Answer 3

Initial landforms

Question 4

formed by the agents of denudation such as running water, waves,
wind, and glacier ice.

Answer 4

sequential

landforms

Question 5

Lava eruptions at the Earth’s surface form ___

Answer 5

volcanoes and lava flow.

Question 6

form from the eruption of thick, gassy, felsic lavas and are most
common along the converging plate boundaries of the Pacific Rim

have
steep sides and often have explosive eruptions that form calderas.

also emit a glowing cloud of white-hot gases and fine ash
that travels very rapidly, searing everything in its path

Answer 6

Stratovolcanoes

Question 7

form over hotspots and along mid-oceanic ridges where more fluid, less
gassy basaltic lavas erupt.

lavas can form vast flood basalts when they erupt
on continent

Answer 7

shield

volcanoes

Question 8

Scientific monitoring

of _____ as well as monitoring ____ have improved scientists’ ability to predict periods of volcanic activity.

Answer 8

gases emitted from the volcano

minor earthquakes and
tilting

Question 9

can apply both compressional and extensional forces to

rock.

Answer 9

Tectonic movements

Question 10

the compression along converging plate boundaries initially causes ___which produces anticlines and synclines

Answer 10

folding

Question 11

Sustained compression can lead to

____ and, with enough force, ___may occur

Answer 11

overturned folds

over-thrust faulting

Question 12

occurs when the brittle rocks of the Earth’s crust move along a plane,
breakage, or fault plane.

Answer 12

fault

Question 13

Extension along spreading boundaries generates ___ with up-thrown and down-dropped blocks that can be as large as mountain
ranges and rift valleys.

Answer 13

normal

faults

Question 14

narrow block dropped down between two normal faults

Answer 14

graben

Question 15

narrow block elevated between two normal faults

Answer 15

horst

Question 16

occur where rock masses move horizontally past each other.

Answer 16

Transcurrent faults

Question 17

one side rides up over the other, and the Earth’s crust is shortened.

Answer 17

reverse fault

Question 18

occur when tectonic forces cause rock to suddenly fracture and move,
shaking the ground in the vicinity of the fracture.

Answer 18

Earthquakes

Question 19

Submarine earthquakes can

produce sea waves known as ___

Answer 19

tsunami

Question 20

logarithmic scale used to measure the energy released by an

Earthquake

Answer 20

Richter Scale

Question 21

used to describe the effect of earthquakes based on varying intensities at a specific area, on natural and human-made features, and on human beings.

Answer 21

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

Question 22

Most severe earthquakes occur along ____

Answer 22

lithospheric plate boundarie