10: Landforms Made by Running Water

Question 1

flowing waters

Answer 1

fluvial systems

Question 2

most dominant and effective agent of erosion and deposition

Answer 2

moving water

Question 3

land-sculpting agent

- moves sediments and shapes landforms

Answer 3

running water

Question 4

one of the four active agents of denudation

erode, transport, deposit sediments

Answer 4

water

Question 5

four active agents of denudation

Answer 5

• water
• wind
• waves
• glacial ice

Question 6

applied to the processes and landforms associated with the action of running water

Answer 6

fluvial

Question 7

can erode and transport soil particles from slopes and uplands causing soil erosion

Answer 7

Fluvial processes

Question 8

Rates of and soil formation are in equilibrium on the slopes of most natural landscapes.

Answer 8

geologic norm

Question 9

Disturbance of this

equilibrium (geologic norm) by human activity or natural catastrophes

Answer 9

accelerated

erosion

Question 10

difference of alluvium and colluvium

Answer 10

colluvium - eroded soil particles are deposited immediately at the base of slopes

alluvium - enter streams and are carried downstream before being deposited along valley floors

Question 11

Soft materials can be

effectively eroded by __, while hard bedrock materials can only be eroded by __

Answer 11

hydraulic action, abrasion

Question 12

3 ways stream load or sediment carried by a stream is transported

which is the largest?

Answer 12

dissolved load, suspended load (largest), and bedload

Question 13

Stream capacity to carry solid sediment is dependent

on ___, which, in turn, is dependent on channel gradient.

Answer 13

stream flow velocity

Question 14

Streams tend to a ___ over time such that the channel gradient and stream capacity are adjusted to move the average amount of water and sediment
supplied by slopes.

Answer 14

graded condition

Question 15

2 Indicators of a graded condition

Answer 15

development of a floodplain and a smooth stream profile

Question 16

Grade is maintained as landscapes are eroded toward base level
and, in tectonically stable areas, erosion can eventually lead to the formation of a __

Answer 16

peneplain

Question 17

involves lateral channel shifting by bank erosion on the outside of channel bends and deposition of alluvium in point bars on the inside of channel bends

results in valley widening and the development of alluvial meanders

Answer 17

Floodplain development

Question 18

large rivers with low gradients and wide floodplains

Answer 18

alluvial rivers

Question 19

Meandering or lateral shifting of alluvial rivers produces ___

Answer 19

cutoff meanders, oxbow lakes

Question 20

Tectonic and environmental changes can cause __ and __ in alluvial rivers and lead to the formation of __ and alluvial terraces and entrenched meanders

Answer 20

aggradation and degradation

alluvial terraces and entrenched meanders

Question 21

very effective in shaping desert landforms because of the sparse vegetation cover

Answer 21

Fluvial processes

Question 22

3 distinctive fluvial landforms of arid regions

Answer 22

alluvial fans, pediments, and playas