11: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind

Question 1

Aeolus, the Greek god of the winds)

Answer 1

(a)eolian

Question 2

affect a significant fraction of the Earth’s surface, creating unique landscapes all over the world

Answer 2

Coastal

processes

Question 3

shorelines: __ are the agents of erosion, and __are the agents of transportation and deposition

Answer 3

waves

currents

Question 4

most common depositional features that can be found along coastlines

Answer 4

beaches and sandbars

Question 5

serve as the transition zone between land and water and are usually altered by weather events such as storms

Answer 5

beaches

Question 6

Wind produces __ in arid

landscapes

Answer 6

(a)eolian landforms

Question 7

driven by the rotation and unequal surface heating of the Earth

can move material uphill against the force of gravity

Answer 7

waves and wind

Question 8

refers to the line of contact between water and land

Answer 8

Shoreline

Question 9

refers to the zone of influence of coastal processes

Answer 9

coastline

Question 10

most important agent shaping coastal landforms

Answer 10

Wave action

Question 11

Waves -> shoreline -> slowed by the drag of the bottom -> steeper -> collapse to form __

Answer 11

breakers

Question 12

energy of breakers expended along a

coastline causes __ and __ of shoreline materials.

Answer 12

erosion and transportation

Question 13

formed when Weak or soft shoreline materials are eroded rapidly by wave action

formed when more resistant materials are eroded slowly

Answer 13

marine scarps

marine cliffs

Question 14

thick wedge-shaped accumulations of sand shaped by the swash and
backwash of water along the shoreline

Answer 14

Beaches

Question 15

Waves striking a shoreline at an oblique angle cause __

Answer 15

littoral drift

Question 16

the movement of sediment along the shore by the processes of beach drift and longshore drift.

Answer 16

littoral drift

Question 17

formed along a coast when sands transported by littoral drift

Answer 17

spits, bars, and pocket beaches

Question 18

Variations in sediment transport along a coast can lead to __(building out) and __(cutting back) of the shoreline

Answer 18

progradation

retrogradation

Question 19

regular fluctuations in sea level caused by the gravitational forces of the
sun and moon

drive ebb and flood currents which redistribute fine
sediments within bays and estuaries.

Answer 19

Tides

Question 20

result from partial drowning of the coast by a rise in
sea level or sinking of the land

submarine deposits become exposed, usually have gentle relief and slope gently toward the ocean

Answer 20

Coastlines of submergence

Question 21

deeply embayed

with bold relief

Answer 21

deeply embayed

with bold relief

Question 22

Repeated crustal uplift produces __ while rapid emergence can produce __

Answer 22

barrier island coasts

raised shorelines and marine terraces

Question 23

3 Coastlines created when new land is built out into the ocean

Answer 23

delta and volcano coasts, coral reef coasts.

Question 24

fluctuated substantially in the past and is presently rising slowly due to the melting of glacier ice and thermal expansion of the oceans caused by global warming

Answer 24

Global sea level

Question 25

can move dry, fine, loose sediments that are not protected by a vegetation cover and is an effective geomorphic agent in deserts, semiarid regions, and along coasts

Answer 25

Wind action

Question 26

process when the wind drives loose sand and dust particles against exposed surfaces

Answer 26

abrasion

Question 27

The removal of
loose particles from the ground surface by wind

produce blowouts, desert pavements, and dust storms

Answer 27

deflation

Question 28

what’s the difference between clay/silt particles and sand particles?

Answer 28

Clay and silt particles are
lifted high into the air and carried long distances, while

sand particles are lifted
only with moderately strong winds and are only carried one to two meters above
the ground

Question 29

form where there is an abundant source of sand available for
movement by wind

Answer 29

sand dunes

Question 30

important type of sand dunes:

Answer 30

Barchan dunes: individual, crescent-shaped dunes

Transverse dunes: wave-like dunes

Parabolic dunes: crescent-shaped dunes with the dune crest bowed outward in a
downwind direction.

Longitudinal dunes: long, narrow ridges

Question 31

sheet-like deposit of wind-transported silt

North America from fresh glacial deposits exposed at the end of the last ice age

Answer 31

Loess

Question 32

induced deflation or wind erosion

Answer 32

desertification