8 - Syntese og katabolisme af fede syrer. Cholesterol (HDL, LDL, etc.) Flashcards

1
Q

Hvilket enzym hæmmes af de smertestillende stoffer aspirin og ibuprofen?

A

COX (cyclooxgenase aktiviteten) inaktiveres ved at acetylere en serin

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2
Q

Hvilket enzym omdanner dihydroxyacetone phosphat til L-glycerol 3-phosphat? og hvilket co-enzym bruges?

A

glycerol 3-phosphat dehydrogenase

co-enzym - NADH

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3
Q

Hvilket enzym omdanner glycerol til L-glycerol 3-phosphat?

A

glycerol kinase (ved brug af ATP)

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4
Q

Hvordan omdannes L-glycerol 3-phosphat til Phosphatidic acid?

A

L-glycerol 3-phosphat danner esterbindinger med acyl grupperne fra to fedt-acyl-CoA (CoA-SH forsvinder)

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5
Q

Hvordan aktiveres fedt-acyl grupperne, som skal bruges til at danne phosphatidic acid og hvilket enzym bruges?

A

Ved dannelsen af fedt-acyl-CoA (ATP -> AMP+PPi)
enzym - acetyl-CoA synthetase

Kommentar: Er det ikke fatty acyl-CoA synthetase?

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6
Q

Hvilke reaktioner er phosphatidic acid precursor for?

A

Syntese af triacylglyceroler og glycerophospholipider

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7
Q

Hvordan er triacylglycerol syntese reguleret?

A

Hormonreguleret af insulin

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8
Q

Hvilke trin i glyceroneogenesen kender man fra gluconeogenesen?

A

Samme trin som i gluconeogenesen fra Pyruvat til dihydroxyacetone phosphat.

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9
Q

Hvad omdannes dihydroxyacetone phosphat til i glyceroneogensen?

A

Glycerol 3-phosphat (enzym: glycerol 3-phosphat dehydrogenase)

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10
Q

Hvad regulerer glyceroneogenesen?

A

Aktiviteten af Phosphoenolpyruvat (PEP) carboxykinase, som påvirkes af hormoner som cortisol (fra cholesterol) og dexamethasone

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11
Q

Hvor foregår glyceroneogenesen?

A

I fedtvæv, især i leveren

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12
Q

Cholesterol syntetiseres ud fra 3…?

A

Acetate som aktiveres til Acetyl-CoA

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13
Q

Hvad gør enzymet acetyl-CoA acetyl transferase?

A

Katalyserer reaktionen mellem 2 acetyl-CoA til Acetoacetyl-CoA (CoA-SH forsvinder)

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14
Q

Enzymet som katalyserer reaktionen mellem Acetoacetyl-CoA og β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) hedder?

A

β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG synthase)

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15
Q

Hvad omdannes β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) til ved hjælp af enzymet HMG-CoA reductase og co-enzymet NADPH?

A

Mevalonate (CoA-SH forsvinder)

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16
Q

Mevalonat omdannes i 3 hovedtrin til cholesterol, hvad hedder stofferne som mevalonat omdannes til i de to trin der er før cholesterol?

A

Isoprene (aktiveret af phosphat grupper) og Squalene