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Summer Cropping Systems > 8. Sorghum > Flashcards

8. Sorghum Flashcards

1
Q

Sorghum is the ___ biggest Field crop in Australia after ____

A

4th, wheat barley and canola

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2
Q

Sorghum seed formation of a black layer is shown on the seed by

A

A black spot becoming larger as the seed develops.

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3
Q

Taller genotypes, often with bigger stems require more

A

Nitrogen

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4
Q

Leading producer of sorghum in Aus (which state?) and how many tons?

A

Queensland with 1 million tons.

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5
Q

Sorghum is often planted on what soil type?

A

Heavy clay soils. Good moisturise retention

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6
Q

Early Sorghum plantings, growers aim for temps atleast

A

12 degrees c absaloute minimum, at 8 am.

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7
Q

Soil temps between ___ and___ are generally ideal

A

16-18 degrees celcius

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8
Q

No till farming produces what quantities compared with conventional

A

No till produces 0.5 -1ton more per ha

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9
Q

Prussic acid poisoning

A

Release of hydrocyanic acid HCN, in sorghum type forages. Animals are able to de-toxify a certain amount of HCN

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10
Q

450kg cow can de-toxify around____mg per___

A

0.5mg, Hour.

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11
Q

What soil nutrition increases prussic acid potency?

A

High N couple with low P

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12
Q

WUE crop factor of sorghum is generally

A

15

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13
Q

Kg of crop produced per mm of rain

A

15kg/mm/ha

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14
Q

Simulation modelling is a more accurate prediction of water use in sorghum an example is

A

APSIM

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15
Q

APSIM is a model that takes into account

A

Seasonal rainfall distribution, temp, radiation, and soil condition.

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16
Q

Seed calculators are used for seeding rates of sorghum, what impacts these?

A

variety and irrigation design specific.

17
Q

Skip row refers to?

A

A practice of saving water during the vegetative stage for the use during flowering.

18
Q

Target plant population for dryland sorghum.

A

40,000-60,000 plants/ha

19
Q

Target plant population for irrigated sorghum

A

100,000-250,000

20
Q

Where can i find a plant density calculator

A

pacificseeds.com.au

21
Q

In favourable seasons (yield potential 6 t/ha), 100 cm solid plant row spacings may provide up to ___ percent greater yield than double skip setups.

A

50%

22
Q

Early sown sorghum results in

A

same or higher yield/ha, longer vegetative period, moving flowering window forward, less plant density. earlier harvested, but longer entire season. potential for double cropping with chickpea’s.

23
Q

Sorghum is a non-host for? (2)

A

crown rot and a type of nematode.

24
Q

Benefits of sorghum in a rotation (5)

A
  • non-host for crown rot
  • resistance to root lesion nematode
  • splitting labour
  • Increased cashflow
  • management intensity is low
25
Q

well timed dessication of sorghum can save up to

A

24mm of soil moisture in the profile

26
Q

There are three main benefits of timely desiccation

A
  • Modify harvest timing and aid in paddock harvest scheduling
  • Maximize soil water potential for the next crop by decreasing late-season transpiration losses
  • Lengthen the effective fallow time in order to maximise future cropping prospects
27
Q

Lodging occurs when ……

A

plant stems weaken to the point they can no longer support the weight of the grain causing it to fall over.

28
Q

sorghum is most susceptible to temperature stress over ___ and is best performing in temperatures around _____

A

flowering, 28-35 degrees over most of its life-cycle.

29
Q

In a single day, sorghum will utilise between_____millimetres of water at its maximum rate of transpiration.

A

80 and 95 ml/day

30
Q

The rule of thumb for daily waterlogging loss is

A

0.2 t/ha/day of waterlogging

31
Q

Khapra Beetle summary (6)

A
  • Exotic pest of stored grains, inside a grain silo.
  • not yet in australia
  • tiny beetle, produces thousands of eggs.
  • hide under small spaces including paint,
  • can live for up to 12 months without food
  • feed on sorghum, and most type of grains.
32
Q

grain _____has higher correlation to increased yield than grain ____

A

grain number has higher correlation to increased yield than grain size

33
Q

Each sorghum grain is a caryopsis

A

a fruit containing a single seed with the fruit wall (pericarp) and seed coat (testa) fused.

34
Q

developments required for improved Sorghum production in the face of climate change in Australia? (3)

A
  • Improved heat tolerance over flowering
  • improved emergent percentage in cooler weather/soil temps
  • improve fundamental WUE

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