1. Summer Cropping Intro Flashcards
Temperature constraints on summer cropping systems
- germination (16-20degrees)
- frost incidence and flowering
- temperature extremes (deadheads, pollen blasting)
Rain impact on soil
- ## Larger the raindrop the more erosion it causes.
Growing season changes in length as you go south in Australia
Length of growing season decreases in the south in comparison to north.
Flowering response (3)
- Vernalisation (not required for summer crops)
- Photoperiod (short day plant? Long day plant?)
- Degree day accumulation
Summer crop types (4)
Cereals
Oilseeds
Pulses
Fibre
Examples of summer crops (9)
Maize, sorghum, rice, sunflower, soybean, cotton, Ming bean, peanut, cowpeas.
Density impacts
- Barrenness: missing corn kernels, no fertilisation.
- Uniform seedheads:
- Lower pods in peas on less dense plants, pest and disease issue.
What does ABARES stand for?
Australian Bureau of Agriculture Resource Economics and Sciences
Ha of summer cropping sown this season
1.5 million, rose by 48%, 35% above the 10 year average. (Greenville)
Major weeds in summer cropping
- Feather top Rhodes grass
- barnyard grass
- Eurocroa grass
Major Summer crops grown in Australia (7)
- Cotton
- Rice
- Sorghum
- Maize/Corn
- Soybeans
- Mungbeans
- Sunflowers
Practitioners (farmers) are often the best placed to develop _____
Innovations, early innovations have stood the test of time.
Ag practices need to be appropriate to the resilience of that particular ____
Soil
Monocultures are _____ the ecosystem responds to this with _____ and _____
Unstable , weeds , disease
Weeds reflect what?
The practices used in crop production
Adoption of new technology and changes in practices will take place only when
The benefits are apparent to the adopter.
Advantages of introducing summer cropping as a part of a rotation. (5)
- multiple crops diversify risk of bad weather events
- allows for exploration of new herbicide application strategies
- boosts efficiency improved use of tools and labour
- supplemental earnings in off-peak months
- potentials for double cropping
How should a paddock be prepared for a summer crop in a low rainfall zone?
Paddocks kept clean with chemical fallow until September and summer crop is sown into a full profile of water.
How should a paddock be prepared for a summer crop when winter crop was a hay crop.
Hay is cut and summer crop is seeded into killed residues.
How should a paddock be prepared for a summer crop in a green manure or cover crop situation.
Cover crop or green manure could be sprayed out then the summer crop is seeded into killed residues.
How should a paddock be prepared for a summer crop in an early maturing winter crop situation.
Early winter crop is harvested and summer crop seeded into the stubble.
The Murray darling basin accounts for 60% of ……
All irrigated land in Australia, over 1.2million ha
2020-21 hectares of cotton fed by the Murray darling?
182,700ha
