8: Social Processes, Attitudes, & Behavior

Question 1

Deindividuation

Answer 1

Loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Question 2

Bystander effect

Answer 2

Describes the observation that when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

Question 3

Peer pressure

Answer 3

Social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals

Question 4

Group polarization

Answer 4

Tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual members

Question 5

Groupthink

Answer 5

Tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas
- ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to remain loyal to group

Question 6

Culture

Answer 6

The beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people

Question 7

Assimilation

Answer 7

Process by which a group or individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture

Question 8

Multiculturalism

Answer 8

Refers to encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

Question 9

Subcultures

Answer 9

Refer to a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

Question 10

Socialization

Answer 10

Process of developing and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs

Question 11

Norms

Answer 11

These determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society

Question 12

Stigma

Answer 12

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 13

Deviance

Answer 13

Refers to any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society

Question 14

Conformity

Answer 14

Changing beliefs or behaviors to fit into a group or soceity

Question 15

Compliance

Answer 15

Occurs when individuals change their behavior based on the requests of others
- Methods of gaining compliance: foot in the door technique, door in the face technique, lowball technique, and that’s not all technique

Question 16

Obedience

Answer 16

Change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

Question 17

Attitudes

Answer 17

Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something
- There are affective, behavioral, and cognitive components to attitudes

Question 18

Functional attitudes theory

Answer 18

Four functional areas of attitude:

• Knowledge
• Ego Expression
• Adaptability
• Ego defense

Question 19

Learning theory

Answer 19

States that attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, and conditioning

Question 20

Elaboration Likelihood model

Answer 20

States that attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central (deep thinking/scrutinizing) vs peripheral (low elaboration/superficial details) processing route)

Question 21

Social cognitive theory

Answer 21

States that attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors, and environment

Question 22

Social facilitation

Answer 22

Describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around