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Year 2 Limbs > 8- Session 8. Review of lower limb nerves and vessels > Flashcards

8- Session 8. Review of lower limb nerves and vessels Flashcards

1
Q

How many sacral nerves are there?

A

5

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2
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1

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3
Q

Which spinal nerves supply each of the following:

a. Neck
b. Upper Limb
c. Trunk
d. Lower Limb
e. Perineum

A 
a.	Neck 
C1-C4
b.	Upper Limb
C5-T1
c.	Trunk
T2-L1
d.	Lower Limb
L2-S3
e.	Perineum
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4
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

anterior compartment of the thigh

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5
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

medial (adductor) compartment to the thigh

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6
Q

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve, and what do they supply (collectively)?

A

branches= Tibial and Common Peroneal nerves

supply the remaining compartments (i.e. posterior thigh, anterior and posterior leg and the foot)

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7
Q

What nerve passes through the obturator foramen?

A

the obturator nerve

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8
Q

Which muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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9
Q

Which muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus maximus (only supplies 1 muscle)

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10
Q

What is significant about the piriformis muscle?

A

(one of the lateral rotator group of gluteal muscles)

It is an important landmark in relation to the nerves and vessels of the gluteal region.

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11
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide into its branches?

A

Divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerves just before it enters into the popliteal fossa

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12
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to most of the posterior of the thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

it is the biggest cutaneous nerve

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13
Q

The femoral nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Which extra spinal root contributes to the innervation of iliopsoas?

A

L1

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14
Q

What are the branches of the common peroneal nerve and what do they supply?

A

deep and superficial peroneal nerves

deep - anterior muscles of the leg
superficial - the lateral muscles of the leg

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15
Q

What are the branches of the tibial nerve and what do they supply?

A

supplies posterior of the leg and then splits into the medial and lateral plantar nerves in the foot

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16
Q

What is the saphenous vein a branch of?

A

terminal branch of the femoral nerve

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17
Q

What spinal nerves form the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4 -posterior fibres

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18
Q

What spinal nerves form the obturator nerve?

A

L2,3,4 -anterior fibres

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19
Q

What spinal nerves form the sciatic nerve?

A

L,3,4,5 & S1,2,3 - anterior & posterior fibres

20
Q

What spinal nerves form the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4,5 & S1

21
Q

What spinal nerves form the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5 & S1,2

22
Q

What is the segmental motor supply of the upper limb?

A

C5-T1

23
Q

What is the segmental motor supply of the lower limb?

A

L2-S3

24
Q

What divisions of spinal nerves supply flexors and extensor muscles?

A

Anterior divisions = flexor muscles

Posterior divisions = extensor muscles

25
Q

What is the segmental motor supply of the hip, knee and ankle (flexors and extensors)?

A 
HIP	
- Flex = L2,L3
- Extend	=L4,L5
KNEE		
- Extend = L3,L4
- Flex =L5,S1
ANKLE		
- Dorsiflex (ext) = L4,L5 
- Plantarflex (flex) = S1,S2
26
Q

Which two spinal nerve roots are responsible for sensory innervation of most of the posterior side of the lower limb (posterior cutaneous never of the thigh)?

A

S1 and S2

27
Q

What are autonomous sensory zones?

A

Regions where you can be confident of the spinal root affected if there is any abnormal sensation in those regions

28
Q

Which part of the lower limb does the obturator nerve supply sensory innervation to?

A

Inner part of the thigh

29
Q

Which part of the leg does the saphenous nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Medial part of the leg

30
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to most of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

31
Q

Where can the common peroneal nerve be damaged easily?

A

At the neck of the fibula

32
Q

What are the consequences of damage to the common peroneal nerve?

A

Foot drop
Loss of sensation to the dorsum of the foot at least
No change in reflexes or autonomic function

33
Q

Give an overview of the arterial supply of the lower limb

A
  • Aorta
  • Common iliac arteries
  • External iliac / internal iliac arteries
  • Femoral artery
    -> Profunda femoris artery
    –> Circumflex femoral arteries
  • Popliteal artery
    (“Trifurcation”)
    -> Anterior tibial artery – dorsalis pedis artery
    -> Posterior tibial artery
    -> Peroneal artery -> Dorsalis pedis
34
Q

Describe the position of the posterior tibial artery relative to the medial malleolus.

A

It is posterior to the medial malleolus

35
Q

Where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be felt?

A

Just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon

36
Q

Where can the posterior tibial artery pulse be felt?

A

Just posterior to the medial malleolus

37
Q

What are the border of the formal triangle?

A
  • sartorius
  • adductor longus
  • inguinal ligament
38
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles
biceps femoris
2 heads of gastrocnemius

39
Q

What are the perforating nerves?

A

Blood flows from the superficial to the deep veins through the perforating veins

40
Q

Describe the pathway/drainage of the deep veins

A

Run alongside the arteries, venae comitantes

  • Anterior and posterior tibial veins
  • Popliteal vein (receives SSV)
  • Profunda femoris vein
  • Femoral vein (receives LSV)
  • External iliac vein
41
Q

What is cut-down and when it is performed?

A

It is an emergency procedure to gain access to the veins of a patient in shock

42
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Muscle pain induced by exercise and relieved by rest, that is caused by inadequate blood supply to the affected muscles (associated with arterial disease)

43
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Ischaemia caused by trauma-induced increased in pressure in a confined limb compartment

44
Q

What are the causes of acute and chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Acute – trauma-associated

Chronic – exercise-induced

45
Q

What is the treatment of acute compartment syndrome?

A

Emergency fasciotomy

46
Q

How do varicose veins form?

A

Valve dysfunction in the superficial, deep and perforating veins
Saphenofemoral junction valve is the most important
NOTE: can cause lipodermatosclerosis and ulcers

Year 2 Limbs (7 decks)

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