8. Population Structure, Gene Flow and Genetic Drift

Question 1

3 Forms of Population Differentiation

Answer 1

• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Geographical variation

Question 2

3 Forms of Local Adaptation

Answer 2

*Locally adapted traits
*Phenotypic plasticity
* Transplant studies

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

a group of individuals of a single species occupying a given area at the same time

Question 4

Migration

Answer 4

The movement of individuals from one population to another

Question 5

Gene flow

Answer 5

the movement of alleles from one population to another

Question 6

Stochastic

Answer 6

(unpredictable or random) evolutionary forces:
- Mutation
- Recombination
- Genetic drift

Question 7

Deterministic

Answer 7

(predictable or non-random) evolutionary force:
Natural selection

Question 8

Genetic Drift

Answer 8

random changes in allele frequency due to random variation in fecundity and morality (most important when populations are small)

Question 9

Population Bottlenecks

Answer 9

a single reduction in abundance, usually followed by a rebound (causes loss of diversity)

Question 10

Founder Events

Answer 10

colonization by few individuals that start a new population
Colonizing group conations only limited diversity compared to the source population

Question 11

Phenotypic differentiation may be

Answer 11

1) Adaptive
2) Due to genetic drift
3) Phenotypic plasticity

Question 12

Phenotypic Plasticity

Answer 12

the ability of a genotype to modify its phenotype in response to changes in the environment

Question 13

Reciprocal Transplant Studies

Answer 13

Growth of equivalent genomes in contrasting environments and comparisons of their relative performance

Question 14

How to measure Gene Flow

Answer 14

• Difficult to observe and measure
• Use experimental approaches
• Use neutral genetic markers