10. Phylogenetics & Macroevolution Flashcards
Carolus Linnaeus
The “father” of taxonomy, binomial nomenclature
Taxon
A single named taxonomic unit at any level
Taxonomy
The theory & practice of classification and naming (like vocab and spelling)
Systematics
the study of biodiversity & the evolutionary relationships among organisms (like the grammar of taxonomy)
Monophyletic group
complete set of species derived from a common ancestor
Paraphyletic group
contains some, but not all species derived from a common ancestor
Ancestral trait
a trait shared with a common ancestor
Derives trait
a trait that differs from the ancestral trait in a lineage
Homology
similarity of traits due to shared ancestry
Homoplasy
similarity of traits as a result of convergent evolution
Convergent evolution
the independent evolution of structures that resemble one another and perform similar functional roles due to the shared ecology of unrelated organisms
Diversification=
Speciation - Extinction