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DT - Technical Principles > 8. Performance characteristics of polymers > Flashcards

8. Performance characteristics of polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the polymer stock forms?

A
  • powder
    • very fine granule
  • granules
    • small particle
  • sheet
    • large flat sections in varying thickness
  • foam
    • solid foam made by including air or other gases
  • film
    • very thin sheet
  • rods and other extrusions
    • rods and extruded forms can be specific designed shape
  • bar
    • solid form, square or round
  • tube
    • hollow in cross section, square, rectangular or round
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2
Q

What are synthetic polymers made from?

A
  • crude oil
  • take hundreds of years to degrade
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3
Q

What is self-finishing?

A
  • can be pigmented during manufacturing process to give colour and therefore requires no additional secondary finishing process
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4
Q

What are the three classifications of polymer?

A
  • thermoplastic
  • thermoset polymer
  • elastomer
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5
Q

What is a thermoplastic?

A
  • a material that can be reheated and reshaped repeatedly
  • can be recycled after initial use
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6
Q

What is a thermoset polymer?

A
  • a material that when heated undergoes a chemical change where molecules form rigid cross-links
  • cannot be reheated and reshaped
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7
Q

What is an elastomer?

A
  • a material that at room temp can be deformed under pressure and then upon the release of the pressure will return to its original shape
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8
Q

What are thermoplastics?
(examples)

A
  • low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
  • high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
  • polypropylene (PP)
  • high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
  • acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
  • polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
  • nylon
  • rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)
  • flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
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9
Q

What are the properties of LDPE?

A
  • very tough
  • good chemical resistance
  • weather proof
  • available in translucent
  • low level of rigidity
  • safe working temp 65
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10
Q

What are the uses of LDPE?

A
  • squeezy detergent bottles
  • toys
  • carrier bags
  • bin liners
  • general packaging
  • food wrap film
  • food trays
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11
Q

What are the properties of HDPE?

A
  • tough
  • weather proof
  • good chemical resistance
  • available in translucent
  • safe working temp 65
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12
Q

What are the uses of HDPE?

A
  • chemical drums
  • jerry cans
  • toys
  • household and kitchenware
  • long-life carrier bags
  • buckets
  • bowls
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13
Q

What are the properties of PP?

A
  • tough
  • good fatigue resistance
  • good chemical resistance
  • available in translucent
  • safe working temp 100
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14
Q

What are the uses of PP?

A
  • rope
  • folders
  • folio cases
  • food containers
  • medical equipment
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15
Q

What are the properties of HIPS?

A
  • hard
  • rigid
  • tough
  • available in translucent
  • safe working temp 70
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16
Q

What are the uses of HIPS?

A
  • yoghurt pots
  • refrigerator linings
  • single-use drink cups
  • toilet seats
  • instrument control knobs
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17
Q

What are the properties of ABS?

A
  • tough
  • hard
  • available in opaque
  • safe working temp 80
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18
Q

What are the uses of ABS?

A
  • telephone handsets
  • rigid luggage
  • domestic appliances
  • handles
  • computer housings
  • remote control casings
  • calculator casings
19
Q

What are the properties of PMMA?

A
  • tough
  • hard
  • good chemical resistance
  • available in translucent
  • safe working temp 95
20
Q

What are the uses of PMMA?

A
  • car light casings
  • CNC laser cut items
  • lighting units
  • lighting covers
  • baths
21
Q

What are the properties of nylon?

A
  • tough
  • corrosion resistant
  • good temperature resistance
  • low coefficient of friction
  • safe working temp 150
22
Q

What are the uses of nylon?

A
  • bearings
  • gears
  • curtain rails
  • textiles
  • boil-in-the-bag food packaging
  • car engine manifolds
  • cable ties
23
Q

What are the properties of uPVC?

A
  • rigid
  • opaque
  • tough
  • hard
  • good weathering resistance
  • good chemical resistance
  • safe working temp 95
24
Q

What are the uses of uPVC?

A
  • window frames
  • external doors
  • guttering and downpipes for buildings
  • water service pipes
  • bank cards
25
Q

What are the properties of PVC?

A
  • tough
  • flexible
  • good weathering resistance
  • good chemical resistance
  • available in translucent
  • safe working temp 95
26
Q

What are the uses of PVC?

A
  • hose pipes
  • cable insulation
  • medical grade tubing
  • inflatable products
  • imitation leather
  • seat coverings
27
Q

What are thermoset polymers?
(examples)

A
  • urea formaldehyde (UF)
  • melamine formaldehyde (MF)
  • polyester resin
  • epoxy resin
28
Q

What are the properties of UF?

A
  • hard
  • heat resistant
  • good electrical insulator
  • brittle
  • safe working temp 80
29
Q

What are the uses of UF?

A
  • electrical fittings
  • adhesives
30
Q

What are the properties of MF?

A
  • hard
  • opaque
  • tough
  • heat resistant
  • food safe
  • chemical resistant
  • safe working temp 130
31
Q

What are the uses of MF?

A
  • decorative laminates
  • picnic ware
  • buttons
32
Q

What are the properties of polyester resin?

A
  • rigid
  • heat resistant
  • chemical resistant
  • brittle
  • safe working temp 95
33
Q

What are the uses of polyester resin?

A
  • castings
  • used in lay-up process for GRP for boat hulls
  • car parts
  • chair seats
34
Q

What are the properties of epoxy resin?

A
  • rigid
  • clear
  • hard
  • tough
  • chemical resistant
  • safe working temp 80 - 200
35
Q

What are the uses of epoxy resin?

A
  • adhesives
  • surface coatings
  • encapsulation of electrical components
  • cardiac pacemakers
  • aerospace applications
36
Q

What are elastomers?
(examples)

A
  • natural rubber (polyisoprene)
  • butadiene rubber (BR)
  • neoprene (polychloroprene rubber)
  • silicone
37
Q

What are the properties of natural rubber?

A
  • high tensile strength
  • low elongation
  • good hardness
  • tough
  • electrical insulator
  • good cold resistance
38
Q

What are the uses of natural rubber?

A
  • automotive industry such as tyres, tubes, hoses, gaskets, belts
  • balloons
  • toys
  • footwear
39
Q

What are the properties of BR?

A
  • tough
  • excellent wear resistance against friction
  • good thermal resistance against friction
  • electrical insulator
40
Q

What are the uses of BR?

A
  • vehicle tyres
  • shoe soles
  • toys
  • conveyor belts
  • water and pneumatic hoses
41
Q

What are the properties of neoprene?

A
  • good thermal resistance
  • good toughness
  • good oil and chemical resistance
  • excellent weather resistance
  • good abrasion resistance
  • electrical insulator
42
Q

What are the uses of neoprene?

A
  • wetsuits
  • laptop cases
  • industrial wire insulation
  • automotive applications such as shock absorber seals, hose covers, transmission belts, gaskets, and door seals
43
Q

What are the properties of silicone?

A
  • good flexibility at low temperatures
  • poor abrasion resistance
  • good thermal resistance and resistance to temperature extremes
  • good weather resistance
  • good lubricating qualities
  • electrical insulator
44
Q

What are the uses of silicone?

A
  • flexible ice cube trays
  • bakeware
  • cooking utensils
  • seals for refrigerators
  • machinery lubricant
  • sealants
  • mould making
  • medical uses such as lubricants for prosthetics, tubing for drug delivery systems

DT - Technical Principles (29 decks)

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