17. Wood processes Flashcards
1
Q
What can wood processes be grouped into?
A
- addition
- forming
- wasting
2
Q
What are the addition processes?
A
- traditional wood joints
- dovetail
- comb
- housing joint
- half lap
- dowel joint
- mortise and tenon joint
- component joining
- knock-down (KD) fittings
- modesty blocks
- barrel nuts and bolts
- cam-lock connectors
- wood screws
- coach bolts
3
Q
What is a dovetail joint?
A
- have multi-directional strength
- once glued, impossible to pull apart
- can be cut by hand using a dovetail saw
- can be machined with a router and jig, requiring much less skill
4
Q
What is a dovetail joint used for?
A
drawers
5
Q
What is a comb joint?
A
- two pieces being joined interlock
- two pieces create an increased gluing surface area
- very strong
6
Q
What are comb joints used for?
A
box construction
7
Q
What is a housing joint?
A
- groove cut across one piece of timber
- end of second piece inserted into groove
- either glued into position to make it permanent or left without glue to allow it to be taken apart or adjusted
8
Q
What is a housing joint used for?
A
- framework construction
- cabinets
- shelving
9
Q
What is a half lap joint?
A
- simple joint
- made by cutting a ‘step’ in the end of each piece of timber
- very easy to mark out and cut with a tenon saw
- large gluing surface area so strong
10
Q
What is a half lap joint used for?
A
- simple frames
- boxes
11
Q
What is a dowel joint?
A
- made by marking the position of the dowels on both pieces of timber (positioned like a butt joint)
- holes drilled for the dowels
- wood glue is put into the holes and the dowels hammered into position
- two pieces clamped together until the glue is dry
12
Q
What is a dowel joint used for?
A
flat pack furniture
13
Q
What is a mortise and tenon joint?
A
- make a square or rectangular hole (mortise) in one of the parts to be joined with a mortise machine, router, or by drilling and cutting with a chisel
- second piece is cut using a tenon saw or band saw to make the tenon
- glue is spread into the mortise
- two pieces joined and clamped together until dry
14
Q
What is a mortise and tenon joint used for?
A
- frame constructions for tables
- chairs
15
Q
What are knock-down (KD) fittings?
A
- used to manufacture flat pack furniture
- relatively easy to use with a limited number of simple tools
- wide range of standardised KD fittings that are interchangeable
- can be used on a wide range of products
16
Q
What are modesty blocks?
A
- small, rigid polymer blocks
- have moulded holes that take screws that are used to join the block to panels
- could be used on cupboards and storage units
17
Q
What are barrel and nut bolts?
A
- use a cross dowel that is fitted into one of the pieces to be joined
- bolt inserted through the other piece of timber and tightened into the cross dowel
- often used in bed frames
18
Q
What are cam-lock connectors?
A
- consist of metal dowel that is screwed into one of the pieces
- cam is a disk that fits into a pre-drilled hole
- when disk is rotated with a screwdriver, the collar on the dowel locks into the cam and pulls both pieces tightly together
- used in flat pack furniture
19
Q
What are wood screws?
A
- used for screwing two pieces of wood together where the thread is needed only at the bottom
- the top part is drilled with a clearance hole that the screw pushes through
- bottom piece of wood has a pilot hole (thinner than the thread) so that the thread bites into the timber
20
Q
What are coach bolts?
A
- used to join wood pieces together
- under domed head of bolt is a square piece that digs into the wood when tightened, preventing the bolt from rotating
- used for fitting door locks or in street furniture such as wooden benches
21
Q
What are the wood forming processes?
A
- lamination
- steam bending
- machine processes
- turning
- milling
- routering
22
Q
What is lamination?
A
- bonds material together
- uses wood veneers of thin manufactured board, which can be glued together and bent over a former so that when dry they form a thicker board in the shape of the former
- held while drying by clamps or a vacuum bag
- usually parts need to be trimmed to final size
23
Q
What is steam bending?
A
- combined heat and steam make strips of wood pliable so they can be shaped over a former
- wood is placed into a steam box where it will absorb the steam
- the wood is then bent over a former and clamped until it dries
- quicker than laminating and less wasteful
24
Q
What is turning?
A
- machines wood on a lathe
- three turning methods
- turning between centres
- turning on a faceplate
- turning in a chuck
25
Q
What is turning between centres?
A
used to machine a spindle such as chair or table legs
26
Q
What is turning on a faceplate?
A
used to machine items such as domes or bowls
27
Q
What is turning on a chuck?
A
- used to grip item as it is machined
- e.g. drilling the end of a spindle or holding the base of a small bowl to allow access to the inside surface
28
Q
What is milling?
A
- used for small size, basic jobs such as rough prototype or roughing out a small hole or channel
- slow process and milling machines don’t have as large a work area as CNC routers
- can be operated manually or by CNC
29
Q
What is routering?
A
- used to machine slots and holes in wood, or to make decorative mouldings on the edges, for example on a table top
- can be manual plunge routers or CNC
