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GI System > 8. Lower GI Malignancy > Flashcards

8. Lower GI Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general symptoms of obstruction in bowel?

A

Abdominal distension

Abdominal pain

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2
Q

What can causes obstruction of bowel?

A

Benign - volvulus, diverticular disease, hernias, structures, pylori stenosis, intussusception
Malignancy

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3
Q

What are the red flag symptoms of bowel obstruction?

A

Weight loss

Explained abdominal pain

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4
Q

What are some benign causes of PR bleeding?

A 
Haemorrhoids
Anal fissures
Inflammatory bowel disease
Diverticular disease 
Infective gastroenteritis
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5
Q

What are the red flags for PR bleeding?

A

Age dependent
>40 years - unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain
>50 years - iron deficiency anaemia, change in bowel habit
Tenesmus - malignant growth in rectum?

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6
Q

What are the changes in bowel habit that can suggest pathology?

A

Change in frequency
Change in consistency
Associated symptoms

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7
Q

What benign causes can cause change in bowel habit?

A 
IBD
Thyroid
Coeliac
IBS
Medication - iron tablets
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8
Q

What are the red flags in change in bowel habit?

A

Age dependent
Weight loss
Iron deficiency anaemia
PR bleeding

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9
Q

What type of cancer is large bowel cancer usually?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for large bowel cancer?

A

Family history
IBD
Polyposis

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11
Q

What is the screening for large bowel cancer?

A

Faecal occult blood
Leads to colonoscopy if blood detected
In 60-75yrs - every 2 years

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12
Q

What is right sided colon cancer?

A

Ascending colon

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13
Q

What is left sided colon cancer?

A

Descending colon

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14
Q

Does right or left sided colon cancer have a higher chance of obstruction?

A

Left sided

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15
Q

Why is right sided colon cancer less likely to have obstruction?

A

Larger lumen

Liquid content

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16
Q

Is left sided or right sided colon cancer more likely to have a change in bowel habit?

A

Left sided

17
Q

Which colon cancer is more likely to have PR bleeding?

A

Left sided

18
Q

Which colon cancer has a better prognosis and why?

A

Left sided as usually detected earlier due to blood in faeces

19
Q

What are the types of small bowel cancer?

A 
Stromal (GIST)
Lymphomas
Adenocarcinoma
Sarcoma
Carcinoid (neuroendocrine)
20
Q

What are general symptoms of small bowel cancer?

A

Weight loss
Unexplained abdominal pain
PR bleeding

21
Q

What are the risk factors of small bowel cancer?

A

FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis
IBD
Coeliac

22
Q

What is the general management for lower GI malignancy?

A

Investigation - endoscopy, colonoscopy
Staging - TNM, Duke’s
Blood tests - FBC, tumour markers
Treatment - surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy

GI System (26 decks)

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