8. Hypertension Flashcards
What is a normal blood pressure?
120/80
What is hypertension?
Blood pressure over 140/90
Treat all >160/100
If under consider coronary events, presence of diabetes and end-organ damage
What is malignant hypertension?
What is the hallmark feature
Rapid rise is blood pressure leading to vascular damage. Typically severe hypertension and bilateral retinal heamorrhages (>200mmHg and >130mmHg)
Pathological hallmark is antigen antibody deposited in the walls of blood vessels (fibrinoid necrosis)
What are the two types of hypertension?
Primary (95%, cause Unknown’)
Secondary (5%, may be renal, endocrine or other)
What signs nad symptoms are seen on someone with height blood pressure
Despite the disease being largely asymptomatic, a thorough examination should be undertaken to look for:
Renal disease (Renal bruits, Palpable kidneys)
Radiofemoral delay
Weak femoral pulses
Cushing syndrome
End organ damage( LVH, retinopathy, proteinuria)
What tests are done on those with high blood pressure?
BP monitoring Fasting glucose Cholesterol ECG ECHO Urine analysis
What are the goals of treatment for hypertension?
<140/90
<130/80- diabetes
<150/90- over 80
(Reduce slowly)
What lifestyle changes can be undertaken to try and combat hypertension?
Stop smoking Low fat diet Reduce alcohol and salt intake Increase exercise Reduce weight
What is the first line treatment of hypertension?
Over 55/ black- ca channel blocker
Under 55- ace inhibitor
What is second line treatment for hypertension?
Whatever medication they aren’t on:
Ace inhibitor/ calcium channel blocker
What other drugs can be used for hypertension?
Thiazides diuretic
Angiotensin receptor blocker
Beta blockers
Statins
