8. Health Education and Behavioural Change 10/23

Question 1

Biomedical Interventions

Answer 1

vaccines, pharmaceutical treatments, & medical devices to prevent & treat disease. Almost all biomedical interventions require behavior changes-by patients, providers, organizations, etc.

Question 2

Behavioral interventions

Answer 2

Programs that help people change their behaviors to prevent & manage disease.

Question 3

Behavioral Interventions

Answer 3

directly target people to change their behaviors. adoptions & utilization of tools or services. Adherence to treatments & lifestyle recommendations.

Question 4

Structural Interventions

Answer 4

Change in access, availability, or acceptability. Policies, prices, payers, laws. Physical & social environments (culture), organizations, communities.

Question 5

Structural examples

Answer 5

change in access, avail, accept. Ex. COnsom avail, Testing/Tx avail, N&S. Exchange/Sale, Policies-State & Org

Question 6

Behavioral examples

Answer 6

Directly target people to change. Ex. Condom use, Reduce #Partners. Clean Equip., Service Util.

Question 7

Behaviorally Targeted Structural Interventions

Answer 7

E.g., conodm or clean syringe acces, treatment availability (&use & adherence). 100% Condom use program-Top Down. Community-led structural intervention. Mobilization of people and resources.

Question 8

CONSORT Intervention Reporting DOmains-Pt. 1

Answer 8

Content/Elements. Content & How Delivered(oral, written, video, computer, text-message)
Providers-Physicians/Experts/ Social Workers vs. Peer/Lay/CHW
Format-Slef-help, individua, group, telephone
Setting-Clinic, CBO/NGO, school, classroom, workplace, homes, venure(brothels, bars, clubs).

Question 9

CONSORT Intervention Reporting DOmains-Pt. 2

Answer 9

Recipients-Target Populations
Intensity-# of contacts & total contact time
Duration-Period of time& spacing of contacts
Fidelity-Delivered as Intended & Monitored/Measures (M&E)
*Need a science of intervention design & delivery.

Question 10

Behaviors vs. Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs (KAB)

Answer 10

knowledge may be necessary but is oftem not sufficient for behavior changes. Rational Actor Assumtions. Health Education vs. Beh. Change (Psych, Econ). Motivation, Information, Skills, Address Barriers, Support to Sustain change

Question 11

Evidence-Based Interventions(EBI)

Answer 11

Systematic programs to support behavior change. -Typically a manual guides training & implementation. -more structured than an “evidence-based practice”
Adopted medical “product devlopment” model
-Vaccines, pharmaceuticals, devices.
Rigorous evaluation of risks and benefits
-At least one RCT, some say 2 RCTs
-Some say must be “replicated” by other teams
-Some say large-scale “effectiveness” trial needed

Question 12

Recipient “Target Population” Risks

Answer 12

Diagnosed or Infected. High-Risk-Behavioral, genetic, & epidemiological risk factors. At-Risk-Potential for high-risk or infection if there is shift in behavior, envrinment, or epidemiology. Low-risk.
Address stigma & “victim blaming”

Question 13

Intensity & Duration

Answer 13

Brief vs. Comprehensive. Sustaining ImpactGeneralizing Impact. Duration of behavioral changes. Breadth of behavioral changes

Question 14

Delivery Formats

Answer 14

Mass media(inform vs. behavior change). Community-level & Networks. Small Group. One-on-One. New Delivery Formats: Mobile Phones and Internet

Question 15

Health Beied Model(Becker)

Answer 15

Knowledge & Beliefs

Question 16

Social Learning Theory(Bandura)

Answer 16

Social norms & rewars

Question 17

Stages of Change (Prochaska & DiClimente)

Answer 17

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, ready, action, relapse, maintenance

Question 18

Diffusion of Innovation(Rogers)

Answer 18

Community-level. Innovators, early, midle, late adopters

Question 19

Provider-level intervention

Answer 19

Behavior change like any other, Adopt new practice, implement with fidelity, adaptation?

Question 20

Technology

Answer 20

Mobile Phones

Question 21

5 standardized functions for behavioral intervention

Answer 21

Inform-about disease risks, protection, services
Train-new healht behaviors and routines
Monitor-behavior and risks
Shape-behaviors over time with feedback
Support-from peers/family to sustain behaviors

Question 22

mHealth

Answer 22

Use mobile devices to enhance health adn wellness by extending healht interventions adn reserach beyond the reach od traditional clinical care.
our actions–>our self report–>personal data report–>processing–>aggrefate meaures, trends, patterns event detection–>visualizationa dn back to our actions

Question 23

Personal Data Vault (PDV)

Answer 23

allow participants to retain control over their raw data by decopling capture and sharing.
Mobile App–>Personal Data Vault–>Third Party Services

Question 24

Vault+filters

Answer 24

Granular, assisted control over what/when you send to whon, what sata says about you, wheter you reveal who you are or share anonymously..