8 Future of Work

Question 1

What are the possible effects of AI in the workplace?

Answer 1

• Machine learning (ML) allows machines to learn from data, while deep learning uses neural networks to solve tasks without direct programming.
• Deep learning:
  
  • Excels at structured tasks (e.g., image recognition).
  • Struggles with complex actions (e.g., planning physical tasks).
  • Learns through trial and error using large datasets (big data).
• AI adapts to human needs, as seen with tools like ChatGPT.
• AI’s impact on work:
  
  • Automates repetitive cognitive tasks (e.g., public administration roles).
  • Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) threaten creative industries by generating new content.
• AI enhances business processes:
  
  • Example: L’Oréal reduced recruitment screening time from 45 minutes to 5 minutes using AI (Sharma & Ltd, 2018).
• Big data and AI enable businesses to make better decisions but raise concerns about surveillance and ethics.
• Business psychologists should stay updated on AI and deep learning to effectively navigate workplace changes.

Question 2

What is the VR’s application in the workplace?

Answer 2

• VR technology: Creates computer-generated environments stimulating vision and hearing, giving users a sense of being in the virtual world (immersion).
• VR setup:
  
  • Uses VR glasses/goggles to display 3D content and block out real-world visuals.
  • Headphones block outside sounds and deliver virtual environment audio.
  • Controllers allow interaction within the VR world, such as tracking hand movements.
• Immersion: 3D visuals and audio create a deeper sense of immersion, enhancing user experience.
• Interactivity: VR allows natural interaction with the environment, improving training, rehabilitation, and learning experiences (e.g., motor movement feedback).
• Challenges:
  
  • VR setups are equipment-intensive (space, goggles, tracking devices).
  • Motion sickness and safety risks (e.g., walking into walls) require precautionary measures.
  • The setup process and equipment are cumbersome for everyday use.
• Business potential:
  
  • VR can save time, costs, and risks, particularly in industries like pilot training or machine operations.
  • High setup cost and effort are justified where long-term benefits outweigh the initial effort.
• Augmented Reality (AR):
  
  • Unlike VR, AR superimposes computer-generated content onto the real world using transparent glasses.
  • AR allows interactive experiences, helping with tasks like machine operation through virtual guides and instructions.
  • AR is already present in several business applications and has potential for remote collaboration.