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BIOL 121 > 8 - Fungi > Flashcards

8 - Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

How do fungi feed?

A

they are heterotrophs that feed by absorption of complex molecules

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2
Q

Do fungi have haploid or diploid nuclei

A

Haploid

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3
Q

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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4
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

asexually and sexually

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5
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made up of?

A

chitin and polysaccharides

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6
Q

What are the three types of feeding mechanisms of fungi and which are parasitic?

A

Saprophytes, necrophytes (parasitic) and biotrophs (parasitic)

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7
Q

How do necrophytes feed?

A

The obtain nutrients from organisms they have killed

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8
Q

How do biotrophs feed?

A

They derive nutrients from a living host

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9
Q

What are some differences between fungi and plants?

A

Fungi are heterotrophic where as plants are photoautotrophic
Fungi are filamentous where as plants are made up of boxlike cells
The have different structures of the cell wall
In fungi, nuclear mitosis takes place in the nucleus, where as in other eukaryotes the nuclear envelope breaks down

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10
Q

How do saprotrophs feed?

A

They secrete enzymes onto dead matter and feed of the broken down molecules

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11
Q

Why is it difficult to create antifungal drugs?

A

Because fungi and animals are close relatives, so it is difficult to make drugs that damage fungal cells but not human or animal cells

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12
Q

What are the properties of the yeast form of fungi

A 
They are unicellular and have one nucleus
They are oval or spherical
They reproduce asexually
They are 3-5um
They can aggregate to form a colony
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13
Q

What are the properties of the filamentous firm of fungi?

A 
Multicellular
They form long hyphae
Polarised tip growth
They reproduce via spores
They can form a 3D mass called mycelium
They can weave together to firm complex bodies
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14
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A

Fungi that can exist in yeast form and filamentous form

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15
Q

How do yeast reproduce asexually?

A

by budding off a daughter cell

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16
Q

How do filamentous fungi reproduce asexually?

A

They produce light weight spores which are dispersed into the environment

17
Q

What are the three types of spores produced by fungi

A

Condiospores, arthrosprores and sporangiospores

18
Q

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A

By the fusion of haploid cells from two different fungi

19
Q

What are the two types of sexual reproduction carried out by fungi?

A

Heterothallism and homothallism

20
Q

What is heterothallism?

A

The exchange of generic material between two different acting types

21
Q

What is homothallism?

A

When a fungi self-fertilises to form a sexual spore

22
Q

What is a dikaryon?

A

A fungal cell that contains two haploid nuclei

23
Q

What are the three main divisions of fungi?

A

Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

24
Q

How do zygomycota reproduce asexually

A

They produce sporangiophores from a sporangiophore which are dispersed

25
Q

How do zygomycota reproduce sexually?

A

Two gametes fuse to produce a mature zygosporangium (2n) that then splits by meiosis. The haploid cells then produce an a sexual sporangium

26
Q

What are some features of zygomycetes

A

They have aseptate hyphae (no cell walls in hyphae between cells)
They can produce both asexually (haploid sporangiophores) and sexually (diploid zygophores)
Most are saprophytes
They included glomus levies which are important mycorrhizal fungi (symbiotic relationship with plants)

27
Q

How do ascomycetes reproduce asexually?

A

They form condiospores from a condiophore

28
Q

How do ascomycota reproduce sexually?

A

Two gametes fuse, producing a dikaryon and the nuclei fuse to form a diploid cell which then divides my meiosis and these cells then reproduce by mitosis to form ascospores

29
Q

What are some features of ascomycetes?

A 
Septate hyphae
They can reproduce sexually (haploid ascospores formed my meiosis then mitosis) and asexually (haploid condiospores)
Most are saprophytes
Some are plant pathogens
Good model organisms
30
Q

How do basidiomycota reproduce sexually?

A

Two opposite basidiospores fuse to form a dikaryon and the grow as a dikaryon to form a basidiocarp (mushroom). In the gill, The two nuclei then fuse to form a haploid cell and which divides by meiosis to form four nuclei which then bud off to form basidiospores

31
Q

What are some features of basidiomycetes?

A

Septate hyphae
They mainly reproduce sexually (via haploid basidiospores)
They form various types of fruiting bodies (toadstools, brackets and puffballs)
Most are saprophytes
They produce edible mushrooms
Include plant pathogens

32
Q

What are some features of deuteromytes

A

They don’t have a sexual reproduction cycle

They produce various spores (asexually)

BIOL 121 (12 decks)

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