6 - ciliates and flagellates Flashcards
Give some structural features of ciliates
Covered in cillia, cytostome (mouth), cytoproct (anus) and both a macronuckeus and a micronucleus
Where does the position of cilla differ on free swimming ciliates compared to sessile cells
Sessile- mostly at top near the mouth/cytostome
What is the structure of motile cilia?
9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, with the outside 9 having 2 dynein motor proteins to help movement
In what ways can cilia move a cell
Backwards and forward
Why does the cytosome (mouth) contain cilia?
They act as a sieve, only letting smaller food through (filter feeding)
How do attached protists use their cilia to feed?
The cilia flap in a rhythm, which creates a vortex which draws prey towards the cell
What is raptorial feeding?
When prey is captured by direct interception
How do ciliates undergo a sexual reproduction?
The undergo transverse ‘binary fission’ via mitosis (they split across the waste)
How do ciliates undergo sexual reproduction (conjugation)?
They line up next to each other and swap their micronuclei
What is the difference between flagella and cilla?
Flagella are longer than cilia and there is usually only 1 or a few flagella on a cell, whereas a ciliates usually has multiple cilia
In what direction can a flagellate move?
Only forward
How do flagellates undergo reproduction
The undergo longitudinal ‘binary fission’ (tip to toe) (a sexual)
Which ways can flagellates eat?
Mixotrophy, heterotrophy and photoautotrophy
How do heterotrophic flagellates eat?
They use their flagella for movement and catching prey and can eat via filter feeding or raptorial feeding
What is the difference between a naked and a hipsid flagellum?
A hipsid flagellum is covered in hairs meaning that the flagellum is in front of the cell where as a naked flagellum has no hairs and is at the back of the cell
