8 DNA, genes and protein synthesis Flashcards
Genome definition
A genome is the complete set of genes present in a cell.
Proteome definition
The proteome is the full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce. The proteome is usually larger than the genome of an organism.
Phylogenetic relationships definition
the evolutionary relationships of an organism based on evidence.
Degenerate definition
more than one triplet can code for the same amino acid
Triplet, codon, anticodon definition
DNA base pairs, tRNA base pairs, mRNA base pairs
non-overlapping definition
there is no overlap between genetic codes, one base can’t be read twice.
Base deletion definition
base is deleted, leaving only two bases at the end not 3
Base substitution
changes the base sequence
Base addition
leaves one base alone at the end
meiosis result
two divisions to form four haploid daughter cells that are all genetically different
Genetic variation in meiosis
crossing over of chromosomes (independent segregation)
Directional selection definition
a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction.
Stabilising selection definition
Stabilising selection is natural selection that keeps allele frequencies relatively constant over generations. This means things stay as they are unless there is a change in the environment. A classic example of stabilising selection can be seen in human birth weights.
